Dental Composite

By: Noman Khan

&
Nouman Umar
Contents:
• Definition
• History
• Composition
• Classification
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Polymerization shrinkage
• Properties
• Steps of composite restoration
Definition:
• Composite is an material which has two distinct phases, resin phase &
reinforcing filler to produce product which has enhance properties
History Of Composite:

• 1960’s Traditional or Macrofilled composites

• 1970’s microfilled and light initiated composites
• 1980’s posterior composites
• 1990’s hybrid, flowable, packable composites
• 2000’s nanofilled composites
Composition

1. composite contains:
• Resins
• Inorganic filler
• Coupling agent
Resins:
1. It further cntains
• Monomers
• BisGMA
• UDMA
2. Comonomer
• TEGMA
• EGDMA
• HEMA
Inorganic Filler

• Quartz
• Alimunium Silicate particles
• Glass
Coupling Agent

1. Types:
• Zirconates
• Titonates
• organosilanes
Classification:
Macrofilled:

• Contain 75 to 80% inorganic filler

• Large size of about 8µm
• Receptive to plaque and staining
• Can be used in class 2 and class 4 cavities
Microfilled:

• It contains 35 to 60% inorganic filler

• It has a particle size of about 0.01 to 0.04µm
• Highly wear resistance
• Less receptive to plaque and staining
• Smooth and more esthetic presenation
Hybrid
• It is an combination o macrofilled and microfilled composite
• It contains 75 to 85% inorganic fillers
• Particle size of about 0.4 to 1µm
• It can be used in all cavities
Nanofilled:
• It has an extremely small size of 0.005 to 0.01µm
• It has good physical properties and improves esthetics
• Nanofilled composites are highly polishable
• Nanofilled and nanohybrid are the most popular materials in clinicle use
Advantages:

• Esthetic
• Conservative in tooth structure
• Repairable
• Less complex when preparing the tooth
• Used almost universally
• Bonded to tooth structure, resulting in good retention, low microleakage and
increased strength of the remaining tooth structure
Disadvantages:

• May have gap formation, usually occuring on root surfaces due to

polimerization shrinkage
• Are more difficult, time consuming, and costly
• Are more technique sensitive
• May exhibit greater occlusal wear in area of high occlusal stress
Properties:

1: Water sorption:
• It is the amount of water that a material absorbs overtime of per unit of surface
area or volume

2: wear resistance:
• It refers to a materials ability to resist surface loss as a result of abrasive contact
with opposing tooth structure, restorative material, parafunctional habits
3: Surface texture:
• It is the smoothness of surface of restorative materials
4: Radiopacity:
Most composites contain radiopaque fillers such as barium glass to make the material
radiopaque
5: solubility:
Composite material do not show any clinically relevant solubiliy
Polymerization shrinkage:

• Composite materials shrink while polymerizing which is known as

polymerization shrinkage
• It is unavoidable
• Cause gap formation at the junction of the composite and root surface
Steps of composite restoration:
• Diagnose and treatment plan
Local Anesthesia:
1. The anesthesia will numb the area so you won’t feel any pain or discomfort
during the procedure.
2. Patient is more relaxed
3. Reduce salivation
 Preparation of operative site
1. Cavity designs for composite restoration
• Conventional
• Beveled conventional
• Box shaped
• Modified
 Shade selection:
• Determine the shade at the start of an
appointment
• Use natural light or artificial white light
source
• Make rapid comparisons with shade tabs
( no more then 5 seconds each viewing)
• Make selection rapidly to avoid eye fatigue
Isolation of operative site
• Rubber dam
• Cotton rolls
• Retraction cord
Etchant
• 37% concentration of phosphoric acid
is used
• For enamel and dentine 15sec and then
rinsed off
• Available as liquid and gel
 Bonding agent:

• For bonding composite to tooth structure

• Desensitization of exposed dentin or root surface
• Bonding of porcelain veneers
Composite restoration

• Placing composite increments

• Light curing each increment
Finishing and polishing

• Tungsten carbide finishing bur is used to contour

the marginal ridge
• A flexible, abraive disc is used to polish and
smooth the occlusal contours.