BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION MEDIA

VISAME ARELLANO | BA Comm I-A

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

1. Emotional barriers
SITUATION:
You are having a bad day or you feel
frustrated.
SOLUTION:
Recognize these kinds of emotions, and
politely ask the other person to give you a
moment so you can relax or calm
yourself.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

2. Use of jargon
SITUATION:
You are a scientist discussing a certain
weather phenomenon with your neighbor
who does not know much about the topic.
SOLUTION:
Adjust your language; use layman’s terms
or simple words.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

3. Lack of confidence
SITUATION:
You are asked to share something about
your day or weekend, but you are hesitant
because you are shy.
SOLUTION:
Join organizations where you can share
and develop your interests. Look for
opportunities that will help you find your
strengths and improve your abilities.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

4. Noisy environment
SITUATION:
You are having a conversation with some
friends when a song was played loudly.
SOLUTION:
Ask someone to minimize the volume or
by looking for a quiet area where you can
resume the conversation.
VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
PAGE 10
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Interaction in which words are used to relay a message.
1. APPROPRIATENESS – Language should be appropriate to the environment or
occasion.
2. BREVITY – Use of simple yet precise and powerful words. Avoid fillers and
expressions which do not add to the message, such as “uh”, “you know”, “I guess”,
and others.
3. CLARITY – Clearly state your message and express your ideas and feelings, as
meanings of words may be interpreted differently.
4. ETHICS – Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the gender,
roles,
ethnicity, preferences, and status of the person or people you are talking to.
5. VIVIDNESS – Use words that vividly or creatively describe things or feelings to add
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Interaction in which behavior is used to convey and represent
meanings. Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for several
reasons:
1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus making it more
meaningful, truthful, and relevant;
2. It can communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without you saying a
word;
3. It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the speech;
4. It gives the audience a preview to the type of speaker you are;
5. It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery;
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION (CONT.)
Interaction in which behavior is used to convey and represent
meanings. Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for several
reasons:
6. It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness;
7. It helps make your speech more dynamic;
8. It can build a connections with listener;
9. It makes you a credible speaker; and
10. It helps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous delivery.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION & NATURE | DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL | CHARACTERISTICS
OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, you will have been able to:
 Define intercultural communication;

 Demonstrate effective intercultural communication skills in a speech situation;

 Develop appreciation for different cultural perspectives;

 Practice effective intercultural communication;

 Apply learning and thinking skills, life skills, and ICT literacy in understanding intercultural

communication;
OBJECTIVES (CONT.)

By the end of the lesson, you will have been able to:
 Communicate sensitively, taking into consideration a listener’s gender, religion, beliefs, and traditions;

and

 Reflect on your learning about intercultural communication.

DEFINITION & NATURE OF
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
PAGE 19
DEFINITION & NATURE OF
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

 Intercultural communication happens when individuals interact,

negotiate, and create meanings while bringing in their varied
cultural backgrounds (Ting-Toomey, 1999).
 Intercultural communication pertains to communication among
people from different nationalities (Gudykunst, 2003).
 Intercultural communication takes place when people draw from their
cultural identity to understand values, prejudices, language,
attitudes, and relationships (Gudykunst & Kim, 2003).
DEFINITION & NATURE OF
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

 Simply put, intercultural

communication is the sending and
receiving of message across
languages and cultures.
 Moreover, this facet of
communications can also be seen
as a bargained understanding of
human experiences across diverse
societies.
 Still, others look at intercultural
communication as communication
that is influenced by different
ethnicities, religions, and sexual
orientations.
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
PAGE 20
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
1. Denial
The individual does not recognize cultural
differences.

“All cities are the same; they have tall

buildings, fast food chains, and coffee
shops.”
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
2. Defense
The individual starts to recognize cultural
differences and is intimidated by them,
resulting in either a superior view on own
culture or an unjustified high regard for
the new one.

“This culture does not view life they way

we do; our culture is certainly better.”
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
3. Minimization
Although individuals see cultural
differences, they bank more on the
universality of ideas rather than
on cultural differences.

“Once we see through cultural

differences, we really are just the
same!”
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
4. Acceptance
The individuals begins to appreciate
important cultural differences in behaviors
and eventually in values.

“These people and I have different values

and experiences, and I think we can
learn from one another.”
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
5. Adaptation
The individual is very open to world views
when accepting new perspectives.

“To address our issue, I have to adjust my

approach to consider both my own and
my counterpart’s background.
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL
SENSTIVITY
6. Integration
Individuals start to go beyond their own
cultures and see themselves and their
actions based on multifarious cultural
viewpoints.

“I can look at things from the perspective

of various cultures.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS
PAGE 21
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS

World Bank (2010) identifies the following traits that define a competent
communicator:
1. flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of uncertainty
2. reflectiveness or mindfulness
3. open-mindedness
4. sensitivity
5. adaptability
6. ability to engage in diverge thinking (thinking creatively) and systems-level
thinking (thinking how each one in a system or organization influences each
other)
7. politeness
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENT
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS

Refrain from showing bias when talking to someone by following the tips below:
1. Avoid stereotypes (i.e., generalizations) about a certain group.
2. Challenge gender norms; avoid using “he” and “man” to refer to a general group
of people. Instead, you may use plural pronouns, or rewrite the sentence to
avoid using pronouns. The use of “his/her” is also acceptable.
3. Do not talk down on younger people and the elderly.
4. Be sensitive to the religious practices of others.
5. Be polite at all times; do not belittle people you perceive to be on a lower social
class than you.
ASSIGNMENT # 1: ½ crosswise

1. In your own words, explain why we have

to study communication.

2. How has communication become an

integral part of your life?

Prepare for a QUIZ next meeting…

 WRITTEN OUTPUTS
TOTAL SCORE
CRITERIA POINTS

UNITY paragraph must be Consistent use of:

unified on its structure - Tenses, Number, Persons of Pronouns,
Subject, Voice, Mood, Language

COHERENCE paragraph must establish - Avoid Misplaced and dangling modifier 2

continuity within or -Proper use of parallelism structure
towards the other - Use of transitional devices
paragraph - Use of Chronological order, Spatial
Order, and Deductive Order
EMPHASIS idea within the The use of: 3
paragraph should be - emphasis by proportion
given importance and - emphasis by pause
made to stand - emphasis by position
1. Proper Format - With margins and indentions 1
- Correct Capitalization
- With student’s name, yr. and sec.,
teacher’s name, etc.
1. LEGIBLE and PRESENTABLE 1
TOTAL 10
30 – 25 Impressive 19 – 15 Developing
24 - 20 Competent 14 – 0 Beginning

Extra points: The text went

beyond the expectations of the
teacher.
Deduction: 5 points will be
deducted if the text is submitted
late.
THANK YOU and
GOD BLESS!!!