Paper Review

ENGIDAW ABEL HAILU

REG.NO:EE400-0003/2021
PAUSTI, JKUAT, JUJA,KENYA
PUE 4110:Optimization Techniques 1
 PAPER I:
Optimal Location of DGs into the Power Distribution
Grid for Voltage and Power Improvement
K. Moloi, Y. Hamam and J. A. Jordaan

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9219938
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

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 Introduction
The integration of renewable energy distributed generation (REDG) into the existing distribution networks (DNs) has
become popular.

This practice has brought significant and numerous advantages in the technical, economic, and environmental sectors.

Some of these advantages are:

reducing the emission from fossil fuels
improvement of power quality e.g. Voltage profile
reliability improvement
Power loss reduction

However, locating REDGs in a random location may result in poor voltage profile and an increase in the active
power losses.

It is therefore imperative that the location and the size of REDGs be optimized to obtain satisfactory results.

In this paper
Location of DGs based on an analysis-based method(Sensitivity index)
Sizing of DGs based on active power loss minimization is presented.

The validation of the proposed method is tested using an IEEE-24 bus system arrangement.

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 Objective
The main objective is to determine the location
and size of REDG in such a way that
Network power loss is minimum
Voltage profile is improved(≈1.00 p.u)

The total active power loss is a parabolic

function of the power injections at each node
expressed as:

Where

Decision variable: Pi
The size of the DG is determined by finding Pi
which minimizes PL

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 DG optimal location
The sensitive index (SI) is used to determine the From NR-load flow method
best location for the REDG.

Assuming unity power factor(pf=1.0) ΔQ=0:

where

-
Substituting Δθ into

P  J P   J PV V
γi is the weighting factor We get

Pi-the active power injection at the bus i And rearranging

Qi- the reactive power injection at bus i
V

2αiiPi Pi

5 The bus with the highest SI matches the best optimal location of the
 DG sizing
The REDG is sized in such a way that the total loss in the system is minimized.

The total loss is a parabolic function of the power injections at each node expressed as:

The power loss PL is minimum when

N
PL 1
Pi
 0 2αiiPi =0 Pi  
aii
 (
j 1,
ij Pj   ij Q j )
J i
At any bus of the system:
Pi=PGi-PDi
Pgi=Pdi + Pi
N
1
PGi  PDi 
aii
 (
j 1,
ij Pj   ij Q j ) is the size of the REDG located at node i
J i
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 Proposed Method
The optimal location of the DG is determined by the highest SI
N
1
the optimal size of DG is obtained from PGi  PDi 
aii
 (
j 1,
ij Pj   ij Q j )
J i

A process flow of the proposed method:

Determine the Jacobian
Matrix. Perform power flow
V
Calculate P

PL
Calculate Pi

Calculate SI

Determine DG location
Calculate the optimal DG size

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 Case Study
The modified IEEE-24 bus system-a distribution
circuit 132/22kV at 50 Hz.

Sb=10MVA, KVb= 22kV, Pdtot=32.5MW, Pf=1.0

The source of DG-Wind or solar

Required
Location of DG
Size of DG

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 Results and Discussion
Voltage sensitivity Index SI=0.2015(the maximum at bus 22).

22
The optimal location of the DG
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 Results and Discussion
The optimal DG Size is obtained to be
7.5MW

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 Results and Discussion
To check if the location of DG is optimal or not, power flow analysis is made by connecting the DG at
different buses
When the DG is connected at Bus-22-it results in the lowest power loss (=55kW)

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 Results and Discussion
Voltage profile improvement

----- With DG at Bus 22

------ DG at bus 15
----- base case(No DG)

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 Conclusion
The optimal selection of the DG size and location is a critical in the planning and
operation of the power distribution grid.
Failure to optimize the size and location of the DG to be integrated into the grid may
result in maximum power losses and voltage instabilities.
The proposed analytical method was tested on a 24 bus IEEE network.
The results indicated that when integrating the DG into the grid at the optimal location
and size
the losses are minimum and
there is significant improvement on the systems voltage profile

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 Thank you for your attention!

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