Rizal’s Quotation

Spain and the

Philippines in the 19 th

Century
Chapter 3
 Administrative Organization

 Spainestablished a centralized colonial

government that was composed of a NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENT that
administered provinces,town,cities and
municipalities
 Spain crown ( The Monarch of Spain) through
Ministry of Colonies
Centralized Colonial
Government
 KING OF
SPAIN

THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
(Royal Audiencia, Residencia,
(Governor-General)
Governor-General)

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CITY GOVERNMENT

ALCALDIAS / Province CORRIGIMENTO AYUNTAMIENTO / City
(Alcalde Mayor) (Corregidor) (Cabildo)

Cabildo
PUEBLOS / Towns City council
(Gobernadorcillos)
Alcalde
Regidores
Aguacil Mayos
Barrios / Barangay Escribando
(Cabeza de Barangay) Barrios / Barangay
(Cabeza de Barangay)
Executive Branch
Governor-General
Salary: 40,000 pesos
 Head of Spanish colonial government
 Appointed by the spanish monarch
 Represented the crown in all governmental
matters
 Vice Royal Patron over religious affairs
 He could nominate priests for ecclesiastical
administration of the parishes
 Supervised all government offices and collection
of taxes
 Comander-in-Chief of the colonial army
As the Chief Executive of the colonial government

 Had the power to appoint and dismiss public

official, except those personally chosen by the
King
 Ex-officio president of the Royal Audencia
 Has legislative power, he can legislate laws for
the colony
 ActosAcordados – laws enacted by the governor-
general
Qualification of Governor-General

Must be penisulares or Spaniard born

in Spain
Judicial Branch
Residencia
 SpecialJudicial court that investigates the
performance of the Governor-General who was
about to be replace
Royal Audencia
 The highest court in the land
 Had power to check and report the government
official abuses
 Auditedthe Expenditures of the colonial
government
 Sent yearly report to spain
 Provincial
Government
Alcadias (Provinces)

Alcalde Mayor(Provincial Governor)

Salary: 300-200 pesos before 1847
1500-1600pesos after 1847
 Governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated
Duties of Alcalde Mayor
 The
most corrupt unit in local government due to indulto de
commercio
 They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General
 Theymanaged the day to day operations of the provincial
government
 Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes.

Qualifications of Alcalde Mayor

 Must be a insulares or Spaniard born in the Philippines
Pueblos(Town)

Goberancillos (Town Mayor)

Salary: 24 pesos (exempted from taxation)
 They were appointed through an exclusive nomination provided
by the Spanish law
 Prepare the tribute list, recruitment and distribution of men
for draft labors, communal public work and military
conscription, postal clerk and judge in minor civil status
 Intervene in all administrative cases pertaining to his town:
land, justice,finance and the municipal police
 Main work is efficient Governance and tax collection
 Theofficials of the Pueblo were taken from the
Principalia of pre-colonial origin.
 Thename survived by prominent families is
contemporary Philippine society such as
Duremdes,Lindo,Tupas,Gatmaitan,Liwanag,Pangilinan,
Panganiban,Balderas,Apalisok,Aguinaldo to name a
few
Qualifications of Gobernacillo
 Any native/Chinese mestizo
 At least 25 yrs old
 Literate in oral or written Spanish
A Cabeza de Barangay of 4yrs
Barrios(Barangay)
Cabeza de Barangay(Barrio Administrator)

Responsible for the peace and order of the

barrio, Recruited men for public works.
Collect Taxes and tributes in the barangay
Qualifications of Cabeza de Barangay
Literate in Spanish
Has good moral character
Who served for 25yrs were
exempted from forced labor
 Municipal
Government
Corregimiento
Corregidor
 Governedthe provinces that were not yet entirely
under Spanish control
 City
Government
Ayuntantamiento(City)

 Called as larger towns

 It became the center of trade industry
 The Ayuntamiento had a city council called the Cabildo
Cabildo (City Counsil)

 Alcalde (Mayor)
 Regidores (Councillors)
 Alguacil Mayor (Police Chief)
 Esribando (Secretary)
Social Structure
of Filipino
Society
 Social Structure of Filipino Society
 Philippine society was feudalistic as a
consequence of the encomienda system imposed
by the colonizers.
 They collected all forms of taxes and tributes
from the Filipino and even required the natives to
render poloy servicio or forced labor to the
government and the Catholic Church
 Limpieza de Sangre or purity of blood - spanish
doctrine
 Social Structure of Filipino Society
 Social ranking was created in our society
 Social Tension were created between and among
classes
A system of racial discrimination came to the
institutionalized
 High position in government were opened only to
the pure blooded Spaniards
 Member of the Middle class and the Indios were
considered inferior by the upper classes and
unworthy of education.
Educational
System
 Educational System
 Formal and Organized
 Religion-oriented education
 Spanish missionaries as tutors
 Christian doctrine
 Teach Catechism to the natives
 Spanish language – Compulsory
 Inadequate Education
 Education for the elite
 Controlled the Friars