Hoplite

• Heavily armored
infantry. They fought
in a rectangular
formation called the
phalanx. They fought
as a unit instead of
single combat.
 Greek Trade

What they imported What they exported

• Grains, and metal • Pottery, wine, and
(iron), timber, and olive oil.
slaves from the Black
Sea Region.
Athenian Democracy
• Cleisthenes created the Council
of 500 with 50 members elected
from 10 new tribes.
• The power was divided equally
between the Council of 500.
• Only non-slave men could vote.
• All citizens could submit laws.
Sparta
• The Spartan, like other Greek
people, wanted more land.
Instead of creation colonies,
they invaded the regions of
Laconia and Messenia. They
later conquered the region of
the Peloponnesus. They
enslaved the population. They
created a military dictatorship.
The slaves were known as
helots.
Sparta Society
• The men spent all of their time training. The
men could marry, but they had to live in the
army barracks until age 30. They stayed in the
army until age 60.
• At age 30, all men could vote, women
couldn’t.
• Because men spent all of their time training,
the women run the household and had more
freedom than other polis.
• They didn’t study: literature, philosophy nor
art.
• They were discourage to travel abroad.
Spartan Government
• The Spartan had two kings, they
both led the army into battle. They
elected a group of five men
(ephors) every year. They were in
charge of the education of the
youth and of the conduct of the
citizens. A council of elders
composed of two kings and 28
elders over the age of 60, decided
the issues that would be presented
to the assembly made up of only
men.