TURBINE GOVERNING SCHEME

EHTC

R.N.SARANGI
BHEL /TALCHER SITE
GOVERNING SCHEME
The output of EHTC and hydraulic governor are fed to
a hydraulic minm selector gate which generates HP
secondary oil pressure & IP secondary oil pressure. The
secondary oil pressure in turn acts on the hydraulic
servomotor for positioning the control valves. The control
valve position is transmitted by a position transmitter for
remote indication in percentage.
Hydraulic governor is realised by starting device and
speeder gear. The starting device is also called as load
limiting device .
During normal operation, if the tracking device is on,
the hydraulic governor (starting device) tracks EHTC. Thus
during the failure of EHTC hydraulic back-up takes over the
Control.
HYDRAULIC SELECTION

EHC put put HP sec. Oil pr.

MIN
IP sec. Oil pr.
Hydraulic out put

Tracking device puts the hydraulic

governor( starting device ) in tracking
mode to track EHTC .
 TRACKING DEVICE LOGICS:-
Tracking device ‘ ON’ / ‘OFF’
It is made ‘ON’ by :-
i) Manual command from CRT / Back- panel P.B.
ii) By SGCT step – 9
It is made ’OFF’ by:-
i) Manual command from CRT/back panel P.B.
ii) Starting device position fault.
iii) Speeder gear position fault.
iv) EHC position fault.
v) Plunger Coil fault .
vi) Collins transmitter 1&2 deviation > 5%.
vii) SGCT step – 54.
viii) Turbine Trip.
ix) EHTC fault.
x) Speed signal 2/3 fault.
EHTC FAULT:-
All tracking device ’OFF’ commands are treated as EHTC fault conditions.
 EHTC

There are three controllers in EHTC

panel.They are
1) SPEED Controller,
2) LOAD Controller,
and 3) PRESSURE Controller.
At a particular point of time only one
controller controls the machine.
 SPEED CONTROLLER
Speed Ref :-
Raise command :-
i) SGCT :- Step – 12 upto 360 rpm
:- Step – 16 upto 3036 rpm
ii) Auto Synchroniser
iii) From- CRT
iv) From- back panel P.B.
v) From- Generator desk
anded with pact < Station load.
Lower Command
i) SGC Turb :- Step – 53
ii) dn/dt operated for acceleration less than 108 rpm /min.
iii) Auto Synchroniser
iv) From- CRT
v) From- back panel P.B.
vi) From- Generation desk
anded with Pact < station load
***
 Speed controller

Raise
Speed NR SPC.
Speed
Ref NR Td. Controller
Lower

SGC Turb.
Speed
Auto Synch.
actual
CRT OR NR raise
Black Pnl P.B.
GCD if pact < stn.load

SGC turb
Auto Synch.
Dn/dt optd
CRT OR NR lower
Black Pnl P.B.
GCD if pact < stn.load
 dn/dt Logic
Acceleration is low
nact. > 725 rpm
nact. < 2850 rpm
OR
GCB Open A
N
HP ESV 1&2 D
Not closed
(NR) nref > 700 rpm

dn /dt
Operated
 Speed Reference(NR) Logics
2) NR Tracks to nact. + 15 rpm
if :-
i) Load Controller O/p > Speed cont o/p by 5%
and ii) Speed (nact. ) is between 48.5 HZ to 51.5 HZ
and iii) ‘Load controller ON’ Command is there.
ii) NR is automatically raised by 15 rpm after synchronisation
for block loading.
iii)In case of a turbine trip, NR tracks to nact. – 130 rpm to ensure
speed controller output to be less than 0 %

***
 nR
Speed raise
Speed lower
Int. NR
(Turb. Trip) Track to Nact – 130 rpm

Block loading
Track to Nact + 15 rpm
nRTD
TSE Tupper,min

Load cont. in action A NR

Speed between.
N
48.5 HZ to 51.5 HZ D
Int
TSE fault & on

TSE Magi is< 0 OR Stop inter

GCB not ON A NRTD
N
nRTD nact by 36 rpm
D

Speed pwr set point block from ATRS

Speed Reference Time delayed ( NRTD) Logics :-
i) Any tracking in NR ( Logic-1 as designated ), shall make the integrator
to be in fast track mode.
ii) Min. TSE upper margin is used for speeding up mode.
iii)The integrator shall stop on the followings:-
a) when TSE margin is < 0
b) GCB not ‘ON’
AND
NRTD – nact. > 36 rpm.
c) Speed /Pwr Set –point blocked or TSC ‘ON and faulty
Provided :-
(GCB is not ‘ON’) AND ( NR > NRTD)
AND ( nact.. < 2850 rpm)

iv) NRTD is limited between 0 to 3300 rpm.

 Speed Controller

nact - 1
nact - 2 & MV3 n act
nact – 3

NRTD PDT
Controller O/P

nact Gain = 24
5% droop
 LOAD CONTROLLER
Load Reference :-
i) From back panel P.B.
ii) From CRT.
iii) SGCT Step –11

Lower Command :-
i) From back panel P.B.
ii) From CRT.
iii) SGCT Step –52
Both Raise and tower commands as above are issued provided
‘CMC is not ON ‘

Load Reference from CMC:-

It receives a 4-20mA signal from CMC, which is limited between
50 MW and 550 at EHTC panel.
 CMC ‘ON’ Logics :-
CMC becomes ‘ON’ at EHTC, provided,
i) ‘ CMC OFF ’ command is not there and ‘ON’ command is
given at EHTC
AND ii) Load controller is in action
AND iii) E H T C no fault
AND iv) CMC ‘ON’ command is issued from CMC
AND v) CMC fault is not there.
( fault for CMC or CMC PR data disturb.)

* The first three conditionsanded

together are signaled as EHTC
permissive for CMC mode to CMC.
 CMC “ OFF ” Logics:-
CMC becomes “Off ” by any one of the followings:-
i) CMC fault.
ii) CMC ‘OFF’ command from CMC.
iii) EHTC fault.
iv) CMC ‘OFF’ command from EHTC
v) Turbine follow boiler from CMC.(IP mode)

OR. any of the followings with 2 sec. Time delay :-

i) Pressure controller in action.
ii) Speed controller active through any gate in
the controller selection logic.
 CMC ‘ON’ / ‘OFF’ LOGIC
RSR
Load cont. in action S
A
EHC No fault N
D CMC ON
CMC No fault

CMC fault R
CMC OFF Command O
EHC fault
R
Turb follow Boiler
From CMC ( IP mode)

Pressure Cont.
in action 2 sec
O
delay
Speed Cont. R
in action
 Load Reference (PR) logic:-
2) PR tracks to CMC Load reference, if “CMC is ON”.
ii) On issue of a “ Load ref tracking” signal,
PR tracks to Load actual for 1sec.
iii) PR tracks to Load actual also on following conditions :-
a) Pressure controller is in action
AND b) IP mode selected.
AND c) Load actual is < 30%, i.e.180 MW
“LOAD REF TRACKING” Signal :-
It is used as a reference matching signal during transition
(High freq. Unloading )
It is activated,if :-
I)Pact. < 180 MW
AND ii) Speed, nact. Is > 3048 rpm.
AND iii) Error to load controller is < -2%.
 Load Controller
Push buttom
Raise
CRT >
SGC Turb. &
1
PR PR
S
E PR
‘ CMC not ON’ Lower
L

& CMC ref 2

4.20 mA
Push button signal
SEL 2 if CMC is on
CRT > Raise & Lower Command issued if CMC is not ‘ON’.
SGC Turb. ‘PR’ selects the CMC signal if CMC is ON.
Track to CMC ref.
If CMC in ON PR PR
Track to act. load
Press cont. in
action Track to actual load for t sec.
A Pact <180 MW
IP mode selected N A
D Nact > 3048 rpm N High frequency unloading
Load act.< 30%
Error to load D in load control mode
Controller<-2%
 Load Reference Time delayed ( PRTD) Logics:-

i) Integration Time constant depends upon the minimum of TSE

margin signal and load gradient signal.
ii) Load gradient signal = 100% or maximum,
if gradient is OFF
OR the selected gradient value by operator if gradient is
“ON” .
iii) PRTD goes to ‘ FAST’ integration mode on the following
conditions:-
a) Fast follow
b) Load Ref. Tracking command for 0.5 sec.
c) Run-back active command .

During FAST follow, it tracks to ( Actual load + PRTD – EPR)- 1 %

 PRTD SIGNAL
INT.

PR
PRTD
Time
TSE Margins Command

On fast follow, Track to

( Act-load +PRTD –ΣPR) - 1%

Max. run –up time

Fast follow = load gradient

P act.< stn. load

A
GCBON N Fast follow .
D
LC error > 5%
Controller un-stable
 Load Ref Tracking Signal
LC input < - 2% A
Over freg. Unloading Load ref Tracking signal.
N
in LC active
D PRTD tracks PR.
Pact. < - 30 %

Run back Active From customer

Stop Integrator
Press Cont. in Action
A
LP mode selected N
D
PR >PRTD
O Stop ref. Integrator.
TSE fault & ON R
Speed power set pt. Block
from ATRS
 “FAST FOLLOW” signal
During fast follow, the margins are taken to 100%
Fast Follow is initiated if :-
i) Load controller is ‘not ON’
OR ii) GCB is not ‘ON’
OR iii) Pact. < stn. Load
& Load controller error > 5%
Error to Load controller :- (Page –29)

ΣPR M +
I Error
N
PRMAX
Load Act.
_
 SUM of PR( ΣPR) Logic
i) EPR = PRTD + PR△f + Pressure correction.
ii) PR△f = 0 MW
if i) freq. Influence is OFF
OR ii) CMC is not “ON” *
OR iii) Turbine follow boiler from CMC.(IP mode)
iii) PR△f is active provided above conditions are not there and Pact.>Stn. Load.
iv) Pressure correction is active, if :-
a) Pact. > Stn. Load.
AND b) Load controller is in action.
AND c) LP Mode is selected.
Load controller ‘ON’ & ‘OFF’
Load controller can be switched ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ from CRT/P.B. only and only when
speed controller is active ,and speed Controller out put is more than load controller
output.
***
 ΣPR LOGIC
Pressure Correction

PRTD + ΣP R
+

PRΔ f
Pressure Correction Signal 1

0% 2 Pressure
Correction

SEL-2
Freq. Inf. OFF
CMC OFF OR
IP mode Selected
FREQ INFLUENCE SCHEME AT TSTPS
LIMITER
47-53 HZ TRACKING FREQ DEVIATION
RAMP GEN SWITCHING
F(X)
-
49-50.34 HZ
0.2 HZ/MIN
+

LIMITER
49-50.34HZ

F(X) FREQ < 49 OR > 50.34

FREQ ON/OFF
DROOP @ 10% 1 LOAD
FREQ FILTER _/-.3HZ SUM OF PR CONTROLLER
LOQD LIMIT +/-25
+ M
FOR 49<F>50.34 2
-50 TO +25 FOR 0 I
F < 49,50.34 >
SEL -2 + PR MAX N
LOAD < 350 MW LOAD SET
POINT LOAD ACT.
 Stop Reference Limiter Logics:-
Stop speed/power set point:-
The signal is generated on any of the following conditions :-
i) Pressure Controller in Action & LP mode selected
& PR › PRTD
OR ii) Speed /PWR set point block from ATRS.
The above signals directly stop PRTD .
Load Gradient ON/OFF. (Page-23)
Load gradient ‘ON’ by manual command provided Set point
controller is balanced.
It is made ‘OFF’ manually if set point controller is also balanced.
It is made ’OFF’ by CMC ON Signal also.
***
 Load Controller Input
i) It is = error to load controller+ High
frequency unloading component.

High frequency unloading:-

It is effective above 3048 rpm.

For every 60 rpm ( 1HZ) 200 MW
unloading will take place.
***
 Isolated Grid Logics
Isolated Grid IS detected provided following conditions are
MET :-
i) Speed nact.>3036 rpm.
AND ii) Error to load controller > 8.4% for 6 sec.
AND iii) Load controller is ‘ON’
AND iv) Speed controller is not in action.
AND v) Pressure controller is not in action.
It is reset either by GCB ‘OFF’
OR
Error to load controller is less that 8.4% and isolated grid reset
command is issued by the operator.
* During isolated grid condition, the Load Controller is made sluggish
by reducing the input gain from 0.51 to 0.047 and the integral action
time is increased by 10 times.
 ISOLATED GRID CONDITION

Speed > 3036 rpm

A

Error to Load cont.is more N S

than8.4% for 6 sec.

Load cont. Active D

R Isolated grid
detected

Error to Load
controller<8.4% A
N
Reset Command D
 LOAD CONTROLLER
It as a PID Controller .
Logics :-
i) During pressure controller in action, the output
follows the pressure controller output + 2%.
ii) If load controller is switched off, then the
output is equal to – 10%.
iii) During load controller not stable, the output
will track speed controller output – 1.5 %.
Load controller not stable signal :-
It is same as ‘FAST FOLLOW’ signal .
***
 PRESSURE CONTROLLER
Logics :-
LP Mode :- ( Limit Pressure Mode ).

LP mode can be selected manually by:-

i) CRT button .
ii) back panel P.B.
or it is selected if ‘ CMC is ON’.

IP Mode : ( Initial Pressure Mode )

IP mode can be selected manually by
i) CRT button .
ii) back panel P.B.
Or it is selected if ‘ Boiler control on manual’ signal from CMC.
Or by “ Turbine follow boiler” signal from CMC.

***
 PRESSURE CONTROLLER
Pressure deviation signal is received from CMC.
Also pressure actual valve is received from CMC,
from which set pressure is calculated and fed to
The controller . Actual Press

+
Set Pressure + P
-
I
-10 Kg -1
+ R
0 Kg 2
IP Mode Sel 2 Limit between 50 to 120%

LP Mode
A
N LP reached.
ΔP is +ve Alarm
D
 CONTOLLER SELECTION LOGIC
All the three controller’s O/P are fed to the
selection logic, the controller selected acts
on the turbine.
The Logic :-
Speed controller, load controller O/P are
fed to a MAX selector . The O/P of MAX
and the inverted speed controller O/P are
fed to a MIN selector , whose O/P along
with the pressure controller O/P are fed to
another MIN selector . The final output of
this MIN gate is fed as reference (hr) to
the position controller.
***
 Cont. Selection

100% +A Limited between 10 % to 100% .

D
Speed cont. O/P +D

M M
A I
Load cont. O/P X N M
hr
I
Position
reference
Press Cont. O/P N
Position Controller :-
The position controller is a hardware controller which
is a PID type controller. It receives the reference from the
controller selection logic.
The EHC position signal is fed to the controller from a
selector card, which receives the position signal from two
Collins transmitters .Secondary oil pressure is generated as
per the EHC position which is decided by the position
controller.
The control valves take there position as per the secondary
oil pressures.
 POSITION CONTROLLER

hr P
I To plunger Coil
Collins-I
S D
E
Collins-II
L
HYDRAULIC SELECTION

EHC out put HP sec. Oil pr.

MIN
IP sec. Oil pr.
Hydraulic out put
THANKS