PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

CONTROLLER (PLC)

By-
Sheik Rema(5050)
Abhigya Arvind(5051)
Abhijit Sengupta(5053)
AEIE Department
Asansol Engineering College
 PLC and its Applications

A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as
control of machinery on factory assembly lines, control of amusement rides, or control of lighting fixtures.
HISTORY OF PLC
 First PLC systems evolved from conventional computer in 1960s. These PLCs
were installed in automotive plant

 In 1972, using microprocessor chip, computer power

 In 1980s Use of PLC was exponentially increasing.

 The growth of PLC

application is shown 1.4 B

in figure.
80 M

1978 2009
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY

I M O M
N O
P D U O
U U PROCESSOR T D
T L P U
From E U L
To
SENSORS T E
OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
OVER VIEW OF PLC SYSTEM
A PLC system has four major units:
1. Central Processing Unit: It consists of three parts

(i) Microprocessor: To perform mathematical and logical

operations
(ii) Memory: To store data and information
(iii) Power supply: To convert AC to DC for computer
operation.
2. Programmer/monitor: It communicates with the circuit of PLC: There
are three types of Programmer/monitor

(i) Hand held terminals: Input supplied through a membrane

key pad and display is LCD
(ii) Industrial terminals: Input supplied through a Key board
and display unit is CRT
(iii) Personal computer: Input supplied through a Key board and
display unit is CRT

3. I/O modules:
(i) The input modules process electrical signal from sensors
(ii) The output module sends the signals to activate relays,
switches, motors etc.
 I/O Module
DC INPUT MODULE
IS NEEDED TO:
USE TO  Prevent voltage
DROP THE transients from
VOLTAGE damaging the
TO LOGIC processor.
LEVEL Helps reduce the
effects of
electrical noise

Current Buffer,
FROM Limiting Filter,
OPTO- TO
INPUT Resistor ISOLATOR
hysteresis
Circuits PROCESSOR
DEVICE

INPUT MODULE LAYOUT

SENSOR/
To CPU
SWITCH

120 v
 I/O Module
DC / AC OUTPUT MODULE
IS NEEDED TO:
 Prevent voltage
transients from
damaging the
processor.
Helps reduce the
effects of
electrical noise

Amplifier
FROM RELAY
TTL OPTO- TO
PROCESSOR ISOLATOR TRIAC
Circuits OUTPUT
X’SISTOR
DEVICE

5
PLC OUTPUT MODULE LAY OUT

FROM
CPU
TRIGGER AC LOAD
CONTROL
4. RACKS AND CHASSIS
Racks: It is used to mount the PLC parts
Chassis: It is the enclosure on which covers
Logic elements
INPUTS
MOTOR

CONTACTOR
LAMP

PUSHBUTTONS
PLC OUTPUTS

11
PLC Applications
Dispensing oil level
controller
Switch and lamp circuit
 Consider the following circuit
and PLC program: When the
pushbutton switch is unpressed,
no power is sent to the X1 input
of the PLC. Following the
program, which shows a
normally-open X1 contact in
series with a Y1 coil, no "power"
will be sent to the Y1 coil. Thus,
the PLC's Y1 output remains de-
energized, and the indicator
lamp connected to it remains
dark.
Cont.
 If the pushbutton switch is
pressed, however, power will be
sent to the PLC's X1 input. Any
and all X1 contacts appearing in
the program will assume the
actuated (non-normal) state, as
though they were relay contacts
actuated by the energizing of a
relay coil named "X1". In this 
case, energizing the X1 input
will cause the normally-open X1
contact will "close," sending
"power" to the Y1 coil. When the
Y1 coil of the program
"energizes," the real Y1 output
will become energized, lighting
up the lamp connected to it:
Cont.
 In the following illustration, we have the  In this next illustration, the switch is
altered system shown in the state where shown actuated (pressed):
the pushbutton is unactuated (not being
pressed:
Example Continued
Motor control
Thank you