Congruence of Modulo

•  There is a mathematical way of saying that all of the

integers are the same as one of the modulo 5 residues.
• For instance, we say that 7 and 2 are congruent modulo
5. We write this using the symbol  : In other words, this
means in base 5, these integers have the same residue
modulo 5:
• The (mod 5) part just tells us that we are working with
the integers modulo 5. In modulo 5, two integers are
congruent when their difference is a multiple of 5. In
general, two integers   and   are congruent modulo 
 when   is a multiple of.
 In other words,    when    is an integer. Otherwise, 
, which means that  they  are not congruent modulo  .
Examples

because    is a multiple of 10  .

because which is an integer.

because  , which is not a multiple of  .

because  , which is not an integer

Properties of Congruence of Modulo
Additive Inverse of modulo
•In 
two numbers a and b are multiplicative inverse
of each other if a+b = 0 mod n

Example: Find the additive inverse of 5 in

Answer: 2
Multiplicative inverse of modulo
•In 
two numbers a and b are multiplicative inverse
of each other if ab= 1mod n

Example: Find the multiplicative inverse of 3 in

Solution: