“GLOBALISATION”

By

Dr.D.Ilangovan, Professor & Head, Dept. of

Commerce,
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 TN
E.Mail: dil2691@yahoo.co.in Mob: 09443738926
What is Globalization?
“process in which the constraints of geography
recede and in which people become aware that they
are receding”
“widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide
interconnectedness in all aspects of life”
process by which networks of interdependence
become large and continuous, or “thick”

Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
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What is Globalization?
a quantitative and qualitative change
not only economic
4 dimensions:
Space - extensiveness of global networks
Regularity - intensity of global interactions
Speed - velocity of global flows
Depth – impact of global interconnections on
quality of life

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When did globalization begin?
Underway since dawn of history
Emerged with industrialization and capitalism
Recent development of Information Age

Globalization not linear

Ebbs and flows with politics

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Historical Forms of Globalization
21st century “thick globalization”
high extensity, intensity, velocity and impact
Western imperial expansion (18th century)
high extensity, impact; low intensity, velocity
Silk and luxury trade (200 BC-200 AD)
high extensity; low intensity, velocity, impact

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The Globalization Debate
3 Schools of thought

Hyperglobalizers
new epoch in human history
logic of market trumps state power
 benefit or oppressive?
emergence of global civil society
smooth unfolding of human progress

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The Globalization Debate
Skeptics
current levels of interdependence not new
 classical “Gold Standard” period 1870-1914
power of national governments endures
 hegemon important
regionalization prevails
inequality undermines global civilization
global culture not emerging
global governance illusory

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The Globalization Debate
Transformationalists
current globalization unprecedented
but outcome unclear
globalization has contradictions
unclear if single world society will result
national governments not powerless but must share
governance with IGOs and NGOs

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Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Integration - breaking down barriers historically
separating people
communications, economics, security, ideas

Fragmentation
nationalism, regionalization, religion, ethnic conflict,
inequality

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Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Dilemma

integration satisfies material needs, freedom from

want

fragmentation satisfies non-material desires, freedom

from fear

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Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Examples of fragmentation and inequality
 Africa – region of the world most excluded from global
economy
 Access to information technology – the “digital divide”

 Science and technology for public health and food

production skewed to solve problems of developed world

over those of poor countries

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Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Summary - Fragmentation can be viewed as:

Nationalism, ethnic conflict, identity

Regionalization
Inequality

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Theme 2: Universalism-Particularism
Focus on global culture vs. local culture
globalization as convergence, homogenization,
uniformity
Cultural imperialism thesis - variants:
Americanization
Westernization
Core over periphery
Modern over traditional
Global capitalist monoculture

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Theme 3: Borderless World-Sovereignty
What are states?
Why are states under pressure?
Causes of state decline
market forces; technology; skills revolution
But states not powerless
Historically rooted political agents interact with
increasingly globalized economic agents

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Transmission Belts for Globalization
Media Tourism
MNCs, TNCs, MNEs Air
Capital Water
Labor Science and Technology
Transportation Others?
Communication

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Globalization Summary
Globalization best conceived as a dialectical process
stimulating:

integration and fragmentation

cultural differentiation and convergence
borderless world and evolution of state

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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Globalization

Realm of Advantages Disadvantages

Globalization
Weakens power of Unwanted external
authoritarian influences difficult to
Political governments control

Jobs, capital, more Exploitative; benefits

Economic choices uneven

Offers exposure to Risks cultural

Cultural other cultures imperialism
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THANK YOU ALL

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