Unit 7: Simple sentences

I, Definition
A simple sentence is a sentence that has only one clause-finite
clause:
I love you.
S-NP V-VP Od-NP
I enjoy listening to music.
S-NP V-VP Od -ing part. NFCl
What you say is true.
S – FCl V-VP Cs - AdjP
(A simple sentence is a sentence whose elements are realised by
phrases)

II , Scope
-Unextended sentence: S+V
It rained.
- Extended sentence: S+V+O+C+A
The news made me happy yesterday.
III, Syntactic Features and Semantic Roles of S, O, C, A

1. Syntactic features of S, O, C and A

2. Semantic roles of S, O and C
Self-study: p. 92-96
IV, Classification

1. According to communicative function (purpose of

utterances): 4
• Statements
• Commands
• Exclamations
• Questions: Kind of questions: p.104-106
Ex: 113, 114, 116,
2. According to the clause elements and verb
complementation:
- S + V: He got up.
- S + V + A: He got into his car.
- S + V + Cs: He got tired.
- S + V + Od: He got his key.
- S + V + Od + A: He got himself into the trouble.
- S + V + Od + Co: He got the house nice.
- S + V + Oi + Od: I got him a book.
V, Concord between sentence elements
self-study – p. 97

Concord is the agreement between sentence

elements.
1. Different types:
2. S - V concord: the most important type
3. Pronominal concord
Ex: 105, 106
VI. Negation: self-study – page 101 – 103

1. Affirmative & negative : two forms of sentence

2. Assertives and non-assertives
3. Scope and focus of negation
4. Negation of modal verbs (scope & focus of negation)
Ex: 107, 109, 110, 112
VII, Inversion

1, In questions: Aux + S + V
He liked it. - Does he like it?
We must go. - Must we go?
2, In statements (emphasis)
a, A-V-S (Aplace, direction, frequency)
Here is the milkman.
Never have I seen him.
b, C-V-S/ C-S-V
Joe his name is.
Relaxation you call it.(CoSVO)
c, O-S-V
Excellent food they serve them.
Most these problems a computer could solve
easily.
d, V-S (agreement, addition)
I’m hungry. So am I.
I’m not hungry. Neither am I/ Nor am I.