FILE TRANSFER

PROTOCOL (FTP)

PRESENTED BY :-
NAME- Mahima Pandey
ROLL NO- 201810101120003
SUBJECT- Data Communication and Computer
Network (BCS 5007)
COURSE- BSC IT (51)

S
 What is FTP

 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard

network protocol used to transfer computer files between a
client and server on a computer network. It is built on client-
server model architecture and uses a separate control and data
connections between the client and the server which operates
under the application layer of the Open System Interconnection
(OSI) model.
 USAGE OF FTP

Client connects to the FTP server

 User provides a login id and password to become authenticated
User can explore the directories
User can download files from and upload files to the server
 MERITS OF FTP

I) One of the biggest advantages of file transfer protocol is that it is one of

the fastest ways to get large files from one computer to another.
II) It's also efficient because you don't need to complete many operations to
get the entire file or files transferred.
III) Most FTP servers require you to log in with a username and password.
IV) FTP allows you to transfer files back and forth. This means that if you are
an owner of a company, you can send information to your employees and
they can send information back all on the same server.
 DEMERITS OF FTP

I) FTP was not designed to be a secure protocol, and has many security
weaknesses.
II) FTP does not encrypt its traffic; all transmissions are in clear text, and
usernames, passwords, commands and data can be read by anyone able to
perform packet capture (sniffing) on the network.
III) Setting up an FTP control connection is quite slow due to the round-trip delays of
sending all of the required commands and awaiting responses, so it is customary
to bring up a control connection and hold it open for multiple file transfers rather
than drop and re-establish the session afresh each time
 OSI MODEL

 The OSI model consists of seven layers, namely:

1) Application Layer

DATA TRANSFER
2) Presentation Layer ACCORDING TO
INCREASE

3) Session Layer
4) Transport Layer
5) Network Layer
6) Data-Link Layer
7) Physical Layer
 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW

 FTP may run in active or

passive mode, which
determines how the data
connection is established.In
both cases, the client creates a
TCP control connection from a
random, usually an
unprivileged, port N to the FTP
server command port 21.

Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 21

 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW (CONT’D)

 In an Active FTP connection, the client opens a port and listens

and the server actively connects to it.  In a Passive FTP
connection, the server opens a port and listens (passively) and
the client connects to it.  You must grant Auto FTP Manager
Access to the Internet and to choose the right type of FTP
Connection Mode.
 LOGIN

 FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in

protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can
connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.The
username is sent to the server using the USER command, and the
password is sent using the PASS command. If the information
provided by the client is accepted by the server, the server will send
a greeting to the client and the session will commence.If the server
supports it, users may log in without providing login credentials,
but the same server may authorize only limited access for such
sessions.
 SYNTAX

 FTP URL syntax is described in RFC 1738, taking the form:

ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/url-path (the bracketed
parts are optional).
 SYNTAX (CONT’D)

 
Server Response Codes
•1xx: positive preliminary reply
– The action is being started, but expect another reply
before sending the next command.
•2xx: positive completion reply
– The action succeeded and a new command can be sent.
•3xx: positive intermediate reply
– The command was accepted but another command is
now required.
•4xx: transient negative completion reply
– The command failed and should be retried later.
•5xx: permanent negative completion reply
– The command failed and should not be retried.
THE END…