BIOENRICHMENT OF LFO

Prepared By:
Bijaya Debnath
Bfsc 2nd year 3rd semester
Adm No: 28/16
CONTENTS
What is bioenrichment?
Why bioenrichment is done?
Factors to be considered prior to
bioenrichment
Method of bioenrichment
Bioenrichment of artemia
Bioenrichment of rotifers
Bioenrichment of copepods
WHAT IS BIOENRICHMENT?
. Bio: indicating or involving life or living life or
living organisms. Enrichment : is the inclusion of
one thing within another thing so that the
included thing is not apparent
Bioenrichment in aquaculture is defined as a
process where a live organism incorporates a
certain product orally and it becomesa live
capsule.
E.g. – Polyunsaturated fatty acids, important in
early larval development can be encapsulated in
rotifers for feeding marine fish larvae.
WHY BIOENRICHMENT IS DONE?
To overcome the nutritive deficiences in
different Artemia strains.
Live food enriched with essential fatty acids
improved larval perfomance in stripped bass
and palmetto bass, red sea bream, yellow tail,
milk fish etc.
EPA and DHA are present in negligible
amount in nauplii of artemia, so they are
bioencapsulated.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED PRIOR TO
ENRICHMENT
Selection of the carrier or livefood , taking into
account the acceptibity of the organism and its
size.
Commonly used carriers:
 microalgae: 2-20 micron
 Rotifer : 5 – 200 micron
 Artemia : 200- 400 micron
 Moina : 400 – 1500 micron
 Daphnia : 200 – 400 micron
Nutritional quality, digestibity, and acceptibity
before and after enrichment
Fixing up of the level of enrichment media to
be incorporated into the carrier organism ,
which depends on the nutritional quality of the
carrier organism before incorporation
Economic feasibity of enrichment
Purity of the culture of the carrier organism
The easy procurement of carrier organisms by
target species and its easy reproduction.
METHODS OF ENRICHMENT
With the help of probiotics
Live nauplii of brine shrimp , rotifers etc. can be
considered as vectors for delivering compounds .
live food organism to be encapsulated are
collected

reared and sterilized by antibiotics

specific probiotic strains are isolated

 different concentration of bacterial
suspension are provided

live foods are incubated in bacterial suspension for

some hours at specific temperatures

After incubation, they accumulate probiotic

strains within them.
Probiotic bacteria significantly promote final body
weight, body length and specific growth rate of fish
Enrichment by conventional method
nauplii to be encapsulated are taken

placed in a medium containing emulsion of

EPA and DHA

the nauplii being passive filters incorporate

in their digestive tract, the emulsions acting
as live vehicles.
BIOENRICHMENT OF ARTEMIA
ENRICHMENT WITH HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY
ACIDS :
 Standard enrichment emulsions containing 30% and 50% of total
n-3 HUFA (percentage dry matter) with DHA,EPA ratio of 0.73
and 0.84, respectively and an emulsion devoid of n-3 HUFA.
 The emulsion contains (percentage wet weight) lipids (62%),
water (30%),emulsifiers, antioxidants and liposoluble vitamins
(A, D, E And K).
 The conditions are standardized at 25C and salinity at 34 parts
per thousand, for a period of 24h.
 The larvae are then deaned in water and 28.9mg g-I enrichment
(DHA) could be obtained with 50% n-3 HUFA emulsions at 0.39
per litre.
ENRICHMENT WITH FREE FATTY ACIDS
 One approach to enrich Artemia with FAA is to use liposomes.
These are potent delivery vectors for FAA.
 Artemia cysts are hydrated, decapsulated and incubated at
28C under continuous aeration and illumination.
 After 24 h, larvae are washed and stored at 20C for 5h before
transferred to 50ml plastic centrifuge tubes for enrichment.
 Add O.625ml of 300 mM methionine and equal amount of
methionine in their respective liposome suspensions also.
 After 16 h, the nauplii are washed with tap water and
transferred to seawater.
Direct enrichment: In this procedure, nauplii are enriched with
methionine directly dissolved.In the culture water and the
nauplii are analyzed for FAA after 16h.
BIOENRICHMENT OF ROTIFERS
The nutritional value of rotifers can be
upgraded by feeding them with
microalgae rich in PUFA and vitamins
such as chlorella, Nannochloropsis,
Isochrysis.
Rotifers can be enriched :
1. In mass culture tanks
2. Harvesting by placing them in dedicated
enrichment tanks
METHOD OF ROTIFER CULTURE
METHOD PROCEDURE
a. Mass culture tanks An enrichment of tissues are
produced, as it continues along the
entire culture period.
The acquires fatty acids reserves are
more stable and are less exposed to
rapid decrease in nutritional value.
Gut enrichment method The rotifers are harvested and rinsed
in separate enrichment tank.
ENRICHMENT OF ROTIFERS WITH ALGAE

Use of selected algae

Enrich for atleast 8 hours

Maximum rotifer density: 500/ml

Microalgae density: Isochrysia:
5 million/ cells; chlorella and nannochlorosis : 12
million/ cells

Resulting total PUFA content of rotifer: 7 mg/g dry wt.

ENRICHMENT BY SELCO PRODUCTS
AND OIL EMULSIONS
Enrichment time: 6 to 12 hrs
Oxygen level: 4 ppm throughout the procedure
Dry products( production tank) and oil products(enrichment
tanks)
Minimum dissolved oxygen content: >80% saturation
Rotifers take the selco products as formulated feeds.
In oil emulsion enrichment technique, a
rotifer suspension containing 200- 300 individuals /ml is
immersed in a dilluted oil emulsion for 6 hours,
harvested,rinsed and concentrated before being fed to
predators
Both the techniques are used for enriching the HUFA content.
VITAMIN C AND PROTEIN ENRICHMENT OF
ROTIFERS
Enrichment of rotifers with Ascorbic acid is
carried out using ascorbyl palmitate(AP) as a
source of vitamin C. Ascorbyl palmitate is
converted by the rotifers into active ascorbic
acid upto 1700 mg/gm distilled water after 24
hour enrichment using 5% AP ( w/w) emulsion.
Protein Selco is the enrichment
diet especially designed for protein enrichment
in rotifers. It is distributed in the enrichment
tank at a concentration of 125 mg/l seawater at
two time interval of 3 to 4 hrs.
 BIOENRICHMENT OF COPEPODS
Copepods such as calanoides and herpacticoides are
the two important constituent of diet of many
larval fishes.
ENRICHMENT OF CALANOIDES WITH n-3
POLYUNSATURATED LIPID:
A combination of Isochrysis galbana ( DHA: EPA=
29.3) and Rhodomonas baltica (DHA : EPA= 0.6)
are used for enrichment. Cell density : 60000-
80000 ml/day.
THANK YOU-