Presentation

Introduction to Matlab

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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The Desktop

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Defining a Variable

For assigning a value to a variable:

x=4

Now type the following command in the command

window:
a = 45;

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Defining a Vector

For storing an array, or vector, you can use either of

the following two commands:

x = [1 2 3 4 5 6] (Separated by space)

OR

y = [1,2,3,4,5,6] (Separated by Commas)

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Defining a Vector

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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The Colon [:] notation

Another method to enter the above array is by using

the colon notation:

x = 1:6

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The Colon [:] notation

And if we want to change the increment value to

say, 4, we’ll use:

x = 1:4:20

So, if we want to use a decrementing factor, simply

use a negative sign. Here:

x = 99:-1:88

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Accessing Elements of a Vector

If you want to access the, say 4th element of an

array, you’ll have to use the command:

x(4)

Remember, the indexing of elements of an array start

at 1, not 0 in MATLAB.

For accessing elements from 2nd to 7th element for

example, use:

x(2:7) (Accessing odd indexed elements?)

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Size and Length of a Vector

The ‘size’ command gives the number of rows and

columns of a matrix, and the command ‘length’ gives
the length of the vector.

size(x)
ans =
1     6
Try, [r,c] = size(x)
length(x)
ans =
6

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Well Known Vectors

Explore the MATLAB help for following:

Try the following commands in the Command

Window:

help ones
help zeros
help linspace

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Well Known Vectors

Example:

xx = [ zeros(1,3), linspace(0,1,5), ones(1,4) ]

This code is first assigning three zeros to xx

using zeros(1,3)
— linspace(0, 1, 5) is generating 5 points
between 0 and 1
— and at the end ones(1,4) is assigning four
ones to xx.

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Vector Operations

To multiply a scalar with an array.

Here’s an example:

tpi = pi * [ 0:0.1:2 ]

This code will assign tpi, multiples of pie from 0 to 2

incrementing by 0.1

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Vector Operations

To Add and Subtract Two Vectors

If you want to add or subtract two vectors, you have

to make sure that the length of both vectors is same!

x – y;

x+y;

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Vector Operations

Multiplication and Division of Two Vectors

For the case of multiplication and division, the

dimensions of the vectors must be same.

x/y;
Slash or matrix right division. B/A is roughly the same
as B*inv(A)

x*y;
C = A*B is the linear algebraic product of the
matrices A and B
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Vector Operations

Dot Multiplication and Division

Use of the ‘.*’ or ‘./’ notation to multiply or

divide.

x.*y;

x./y;

This command will divide or multiply the 1st element

of x by 1st element of y, 2nd element of x by 2nd
element of y and so on.
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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Matrices

To enter a matrix use the following command:

A = [1 2 3;4 5 6]

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Arithmetic Operators

+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
^ power
‘ complex conjugate transpose
.* element-by-element multiplication
./ element-by-element division
.^ element-by-element power
.‘ transpose

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Logical Operators

== equal
~= not equal
< less than
<= less than or equal
> greater than
>= greater than or equal
& AND
| OR
~ NOT

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Matlab Graphics

A simple example for the ‘plot’ command:

x = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y)
xlabel('x = 0:2\pi')
ylabel('Sine of x')
title('Plot of the Sine Function')

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Matlab Graphics

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Matlab Graphics

Multiple Graphs:

t = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y1=sin(t);
y2=sin(t+pi/2);
plot(t,y1,t,y2)
grid on

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Matlab Graphics

Graph Functions:

plot linear plot

stem discrete plot
grid add grid lines
xlabel add X-axis label
ylabel add Y-axis label
title add graph title
subplot divide figure window
figure create new figure window

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M-files and Functions

function result = test(input)

x = mod(input,2);

if x == 0
result = 'even';
else
result = 'odd';
end

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Flow Control

• if statement
• switch statement

• for loops
• while loops

• continue statement
• break statement

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Overview.

 The Desktop
 Defining a Variable
 Defining a Vector
 The Colon Notation
 Accessing Elements of a Vector
 Size and Length of a Vector
 Well Known Vectors
 Vector Operations
 Matrices
 Matlab Graphics
 Sounds and Images
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Sounds

x = wavread('911.wav');

• wavwrite
• auread
• auwrite
• soundsc

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Images

>> x = imread('cameraman.tif');
>> imshow(x)

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Images

Each image is composed of an array of M*N

pixels (contraction of “picture element”) with M
rows and N columns of pixels.

Each pixel contains a certain value for red,

green and blue.

Varying these values for red, green, blue (RGB)

we can get almost any color.

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Images

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Images

Separating the color components of an RGP

image:

%% Input Image
pic = imread('images.jpeg');
imshow(pic), title('Original Image')
Original Image

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Images

%% Red Component
r_pic = pic(:,:,1);
figure, imshow(r_pic), title('Red Component of
the Image')
Red Component of the Image

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Images

%% Green Component
r_pic = pic(:,:,2);
figure, imshow(r_pic), title('Green Component of
the Image')
Green Component of the Image

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Images

%% Blue Component
r_pic = pic(:,:,3);
figure, imshow(r_pic), title('Blue Component of
the Image')
Blue Component of the Image

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Images

%% Accessing a Pixel
check = x(67,38,:)

check(:,:,1) =
252

check(:,:,2) =
255

check(:,:,3) =
255

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Thank you for your patience!

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