MOTHERBOARD

• Main circuit board inside your

computer is called a
motherboard.
• The motherboard contains the
connectors for attaching
additional boards, such as the
memory, mass storage
interfaces, serial and parallel
ports, expansion slots and all
the controllers that are required
to control standard peripheral
devices such as the display
screen, keyboard, and hard
drive.
.
 Chip Set

Chips
• A chip refers to a physical integrated circuit (IC)
on a computer. A chip in the context of this
document refers to an execution unit that can be
single- or multi-core technology.
• Collectively, all these chips that reside on the
motherboard are known as the motherboard's
chipset
 MOTHERBOARD
• 1) CPU
2) Memory Slot
3) PCI Slot
4) AGP Slot
5) Power Supply Plugin
6) CMOS Battery
7) ISA Slot
8) IDE controller (hard
drive, CD-ROM)
9) CPU fan plug-in
10) PS/2 Port
(keyboard/mouse)
11) USB
12) Parallel Port (Printer)
 CPU
• On personal computers and small
workstations, the CPU is housed in a
single chip called a microprocessor.
• The CPU itself is an internal
component of the computer. Modern
CPUs are small and square and
contain multiple metallic connectors
or pins on the underside. The CPU is
inserted directly into a CPU socket,
pin side down, on the motherboard.
Each motherboard will support only a
specific type or range of CPU so you
must check the motherboard
manufacturer's specifications before
attempting to replace or upgrade a
CPU. Modern CPUs also have an
attached heat sink and small fan that
go directly on top of the CPU to help
dissipate heat.
 CPU
• Two typical components of a CPU are the
following:
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which
performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• The control unit (CU), which extracts
instructions from memory and decodes
and executes them, calling on the ALU
when necessary.
 CPU
• Processors come in three basic categories:
• Low End - This is used for simple computing like word processing
and other business software. These include Intel Celeron, Intel
Pentium 4, AMD Athlon XP and AMD Sempron.
• Average - These processors are used for light video processsing
and gaming. They include the Intel Pentium D and the Athlon 64
which run at speeds in excess of 1 GHz.
• High End - These processors are the top of the line and are used
for more CPU intensive programs. In this group of computer parts
are the Dual Core chips such as Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2
Extreme, Intel Quad Core, AMD Athlon 64 X2 and AMD Athlon 64
FX which range upwards of 2.0 GHz.
• The processor (CPU) that you will need for your system is a matter
of personal choice but I would recommend a high-end processor
(CPU) such as the AMD Athlon 64 FX-74.
 PCI SLOT
• Peripheral Component Interconnect SLOTS are
used for peripherals like video cards, sound
cards, internal modems, etc.
it is a local bus standard developed by Intel
Corporation.and replaces the ISA (Industry
Standard Architecture bus), the bus architecture
used in the IBM PC/XT and PC/AT
 PCI Express
• An I/O interconnect
bus standard that
expands on and
doubles the data
transfer rates of
original PCI.
 AGP SLOTS
• Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, an interface
specification developed by Intel Corporation. AGP is
based on PCI, but is designed especially for the
throughput demands of 3-D graphics.
 AGP SLOTS
• An AGP slot is
shorter that a PCI
slot, usually
brown in colour
and located in line
and beside the
bank of PCI slots.
 POWER SUPPLY PLUGIN
• If the computer already has
the motherboard installed
into it, the power leads from
the power supply need to be
plugged in. Most modern
motherboard use the large
ATX power connector that
gets plugged into the socket
on the motherboard. Some
motherboards require an
additional amount of power
through a 4-pin ATX12V
connector. Plug this in if
required.
 CMOS
• complementary metal oxide
semiconductor. Pronounced see-moss,
CMOS is a widely used type of
semiconductor.
• CMOS chips require less power
• . This makes them particularly attractive for
use in battery-powered devices, such as
portable computers.
• Personal computers also contain a small
amount of battery-powered CMOS memory
to hold the date, time, and system setup
parameters.
 IDE CONTROLLER
• No matter what you do with your computer, storage is an
important part of your system. In fact, most personal
computers have one or more of the following storage devices:
• Floppy drive
• Hard drive
• CD-ROM drive
•
Usually, these devices connect to the computer through an
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. Essentially, an IDE
interface is a standard way for a storage device to connect to a
computer. IDE is actually not the true technical name for the
interface standard. The original name, Advanced Technology
Attachment (ATA), signified that the interface was initially
developed for the IBM AT computer.
•  
 PS/2 PORTS
• A type of port developed by
IBM for connecting a mouse
or keyboard to a PC. The
PS/2 port supports a mini
DIN plug containing just 6
pins. Most PCs have a PS/2
port so that the serial port
can be used by another
device, such as a modem.
The PS/2 port is often called
the mouse port.
PARALLEL PORTS
 SMPS
A Power supply or SMPS is a
transformer and voltage
control device in a computer
that furnishes power to all the
electronic components by
converting them into low
voltage DC (direct current)
supply.
Interior view of an
ATX switched-
mode power
supply.

A - bridge rectifier
B - Input filter
capacitors
C - Transformer
D - output filter
coil
E - output filter
capacitors