INTRODUCTION-

•The city we are going to discuss about has a long

history, and culture.
•starting many centuries ago, The first people
arrived in this city around the end of the Neolithic
Era, sometime between 3500 - 3200 BC.

NEOLITHIC PERIOD-
•The term Neolithic period refers to the last stage of
the stone age.

•The term Neolithic or Stone Age is most frequently

used in connection with agriculture, which is the
time when cereal cultivation and animal
domestication was introduced.

•During that time agriculture developed at different

times in different regions of the world, there is no
single date for the beginning of the Neolithic.
HISTORY-
•Few remaining traces show that they were the first to choose the
area of the rock of the Acropolis for their permanent place of living.
•Possibly, at first they did not wish to stay exactly on the top, but
excavations have shown that they had certainly dispersed along the
southern and northern sides of the rock, and that they occasionally
used the two small caves over Dionysus theatre.
•Water, the first and most fundamental element for the
development of a new settlement, was provided from 21 shallow
wells, 3-4 meters deep, that had been dug at the northwest of the
rock, in the same place where, in later historic years, stood the
famous water clock fountain.
•Few and far between, the houses on the side featured
solid built bases while their walls and roofs were
knitted from branches covered with mud.
•Inside their one single area there was a built stove,
used for heating and cooking food.
•Food and other commodities, acquired via land
cultivation and barter, were stored inside simple
shallow dug outs on the ground.
•Animal hunting in the area was of vital importance,
not only for the meat it provided, but also for the
skins.
Apart from taking care of their various living
necessities, these people also decorated their
bodies with stone and bone jewelry and it is
also possible that they painted their faces with
ochre. Four obese female statuettes bear
testament to the worship of the female deity
of fertility, the same one that dominates the
East throughout the Prehistoric Era.
After this period mycenaean civilization
started.
SOURCES-

•By Dr. Maria Pantelidou/Gofa

Acting Professor of Archaeology
University of Athens
•World history encyclopedia
PRE HISTORY OF ISTANBUL-
A major world city, Istanbul has
played a determining role in the
movement of people, knowledge and
goods between far-flung lands. Its
position at the junction of important
cultural regions was responsible for
making it the capital of great empires
that expanded over different
continents. The city is located in a
position that dominates the entrance
to a narrow canal of water
connecting two inland seas, the Sea
of Marmara and the Black Sea.
However the natural environment
that defines its present location has
undergone constant change
throughout history. The relationship
between the city’s cultural progress
and its natural environment is based
on a very delicate balance that exists
nowhere else in the world.
Paleolithic Era: The first beings known as homo erectus made their appearance nearly 1,800,000 years ago in Africa
and spread throughout the world, followed by different human groups such as the Neanderthal and homo sapiens.
The Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) represents the longest period in the history of mankind, when life was based on
hunting and gathering. The Istanbul region during these times when the Bosphorus did not yet exist was an
important land bridge in the spread of mankind to Europe.

ABOUT ISTANBUL-The heart of Istanbul is surrounded by water on three sides ,It is said to be built on seven hills,
like Rome. The heart of the city provided a point of departure for the terrestrial routes that led out into the empire;
an east-west artery branches out towards the city gates. Even today, this early structure can be read in Istanbul’s very
dense urban fabric.