Digital Electronics

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERSION
 Competencies
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
56. Without references, the student will define “Digital to Analog Conversion”
with 100% accuracy.

57. Without references, the student will define “Analog to Digital Conversion”
with 100% accuracy.

58. Given a full scale value and a known number of bits for a DAC the
student will determine the resolution of the DAC with 100% accuracy.

59. Given a full scale value and a known number of bits for a DAC the student
will determine the output voltage for a known input bit pattern with 100%
accuracy

60. Given a full scale value and a known number of bits out for an ADC the
student will determine the output bit pattern for a known input voltage with
100% accuracy.
 Vocabulary
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)- a circuit that converts an analog
input signal into binary numbers.

Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)- a circuit that reconverts binary

numbers back into an analog signal.

Resolution(K)- in a digital-to-analog converter, the amount the output

changes when the input changes by one bit (also known as step size).
full scale voltage
resolution 
number of steps
Transducer- converts analog physical variable into electrical analog variable.
 HYBRID SYSTEM
(BOTH ANALOG AND DIGITAL)

Encoder Decoder
Digital
Analog Analog
Processing
input A/D D/A output
Unit
Converter Converter

Converts from analog input Converts from digital input

to digital output to analog output
 A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS
Encoder Decoder
Digital
Analog Analog
Processing
input A/D D/A output
Unit
Converter Converter

Analog-to-digital converter Digital-to-analog converter

0110 0110

Resistor Summing Analog

INPUT A/D Network Amplifier Voltage
 DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC)
3-BIT DAC NUMBER OF STEPS
RESOLUTION 
FULL SCALE OUTPUT
A
0 - 3.5 V
B DAC out
7 STEPS
C RESOLUTION 
3.5 VOLTS

RESOLUTION  0.5 VOLTS / STEP

N  NUMBER OF BITS
2 N  NUMBER OF LEVELS IF 111 INPUT, WHAT IS THE OUTPUT?

2 N  1  NUMBER OF STEPS ANALOG OUTPUT  RESOLUTION  BINARY NUMBER

N  3 BITS 1112  710

23  8 LEVELS 7  0.5V  3.5V
23  1  7 STEPS
DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC)

WHAT IS THE RESOLUTION OF THIS DAC?

8-BIT DAC
NUMBER OF STEPS
RESOLUTION 
FULL SCALE OUTPUT
A 0
28  1 STEPS
A 1 RESOLUTION 
A 2
10 VOLTS
A 3
DAC 0 - 10 V out
MC1408
A 4
A 5
A 6 IF 10101010 INPUT, WHAT IS OUTPUT VOLTAGE?
A 7
 TEST
5-BIT DAC

A
B DAC 0 - 31V out
C FILL IN THE TRUTH TABLE
D
E

BINARY INPUT V OUT

WHAT IS THE RESOLUTION OF THE DAC? A B C D E
0 0 1 1 1 7
NUMBER OF STEPS
RESOLUTION  0 1 1 0 1 13
FULL SCALE OUTPUT
1 0 1 1 0 22
25  1 STEPS 1 1 0 1 1 27
RESOLUTION 
31VOLTS
 COUNTER-RAMP TYPE
A/D CONVERTER

Counter
Clock
Binary
output

Vin
Comparator HIGH
LOW D/A
Converter

ramp
Vin
When the ramp exceeds Vin
ramp
the comparator output goes
LOW and the clock is disabled.
 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC)

WHAT IS THE RESOLUTION OF THIS ADC?

NUMBER OF STEPS
RESOLUTION 
4-BIT ADC FULL SCALE OUTPUT
24  1 STEPS
D 0
RESOLUTION 
0 - 15 V
15 VOLTS
D
ADC 1
D
analog input 2
D 3

IF 1101 OUTPUT, WHAT IS INPUT VOLTAGE?