MS - ORT HODONTIC S

MOM E NT
TO FO R C E
R AT IO Biomechanics in Orthodontics

John Patrick F. Baluyut

 REVIEW TERMINOL
OF OGY
Force - Load applied to an object that will
tend to move it to a different position in
space; F = m x a
Center of Resistance - Point at which
resistance to movement can be
concentrated
Moment - Measure of the tendency to
rotate an object around a point
Couple - Created by two forces equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction but
not on the same line
Center of Rotation - Point around which
rotation actually occurs when an object
is being moved
WHAT IS
MOMEN
T TO
FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS The ratio of the moment that
MOMEN we apply to counteract the
tipping force we apply on the
T TO crown gives us the moment
to force ratio (M:F)
FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS
MOMEN
T TO
FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS With no counterbalancing
MOMEN (MC/MF = 0), the tooth
rotates around the center of
T TO resistance (pure tipping).

FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS M/F ratio is less than 1

MOMEN
meaning that moment of
force is greater than our

T TO
counterbalancing force and
controlled tipping will result

FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS When MC/MF = 1, the

MOMEN
center of rotation is displaced
to infinity and bodily

T TO
movement (translation)
occurs.

FORCE
RATIO?
WHAT IS If MC/MF > 1, the center of

MOMEN rotation is displaced incisally

and the root apex will move

T TO more than the crown,

producing root torque.

FORCE
RATIO?
 • Alter the point of force
HOW TO application

PREVENT • Apply the force closer to

UNCONTRO the Center of Resistance
LLED of the tooth

TIPPING? • Rigid attachment "power

arm" can be attached t
the bracket of the crown
 2. Alter the moment to force
HOW TO ratio

PREVENT
• Done by adding a
UNCONTRO counterbalancing
LLED moment
TIPPING? • Playing wih the
rotational components of
the applied force
 2. Alter the moment to force
ratio
HOW TO
PREVENT New moment can be created
by:
UNCONTRO • Traditional way of
LLED applying force
• Creating a couple in the
TIPPING? bracket
 By varying the M/F ratio the quality of
tooth movement can be changed among
tipping, translation, and root movement

Moment to In terms of direction, the moment of the

Force couple is almost always going to be in
the direction opposite the moment of
Ratio force about the center of resistance
JOURNAL REVIEW
 With the application of orthodontic
loading, the first reaction is an alteration
in the strain-stress distribution in the
PDL and alveolar bone

Introduction Displacement following orthodontic

loading is complex and follows several
parameters like length of tooth, PDL
tissues, shape, PDL width, and marginal
bone level
 We should take note that as soon as the
teeth start moving, the geometry
characterizing the original force system
also changes, and a new force system is
generated, leading to a different
Introduction displacement.
 Confirmed that CRot is related to the
moment-to-force ratio, but the CRot
seemed more apically positioned than
theoretically computed

Introduction Aside from that a Finite Element

Method is the method of choice to
calculate the stress and strain fields in
the periodontium
 Aim in this study was to demonstrate by
FE analyses the influence of the material
properties of the PDL on the type of
Introduction tooth movement.
 Using a microcomputed tomography
scanner (model 40, Scanco Medical,
Bassersdorf, Switzerland), a 3-
dimensional (3D) data set of the left
segment of a human mandible including
a canine and a first premolar obtained
Materials from autopsy was acquired.

and Methods
a 3D FE model comprising the
mandibular segment, the PDL, the
canine, and the first premolar was
generated.
 Different loading regimens were applied
to the model to simulate distinct types of
orthodontic tooth movements.

The various loading regimens were

Materials defined by the M/F ratio applied at the

and Methods bracket.

For each analysis, the CRot was

determined, and its location was
compared with that of the CR.
 Materials
and Methods
 An FE model was used to determine the
relationship between the M/F ratio
applied at the brackets and the CRot,
and the influence of the force level on
the CRot.

Actual location of the CRot is

Discussion determined by the ff:
- Value of the M/F Ratio. it has shown
dependency and small changes in the
M/F ratio would produce large changes
in the position of the CRot as
 Actual location of the CRot is
determined by the ff:
- Level of applied force
- with a nonlinear model to describe the
PDL, the location of the CRot is not
constant but depends not only on the
Discussion M/F ratio, but also on the force level.
 Their results indicate that the M/F
values generally advocated for various
movements are too high, and a reduction
of the M/F ratio could be suggested.

Conclusion
Tooth movement should always be
monitored and the outcome compared
with the expected tooth move- ment.