APPLICATION OF SORBITOL IN BIOPLASTIC CELLULOSE FROM

WASTE MAKING CARRAGEENAN ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

AND BIODEGRADATION ABILITY

Mochammad Diedin Arief 141611233071

Academic Advisors :
- Dr. A Shofy Mubarak, S.Pi., M.Si
- Dwi Yuli Pujiastuti, S.Pi., M.P.

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
2020
BACKGROUND

Plastic waste problem

The problem of caragenan industry

waste
Caragenan waste has a high cellulose
content

Potentialy to be a bioplastic

Bioplastic becomes elastic and not rigid because

the addition of sorbitol as plasticizer
The right addition of sorbitol can affect the mechanical
properties and biodegradability of bioplastic
PROBLEMS

01
Does the application of sorbitol in bioplastics based on cellulose from
carrageenan wastes affect the biodegradability?

How is the best concentration of sorbitol in bioplastics based on cellulose

meet biodegradation standards and mechanical properties based on

04 literature review?
AIMS

To know the effect of application sorbitol in bioplastic based on

cellulose from carrageenan waste on biodegradability.

Studying the best concentration of sorbitol in bioplastics based on

cellulose to meet biodegradation standards and mechanical properties
based on literature review.
 BENEFIT

This research is expected to get the best sorbitol concentration in

bioplastic based on cellulose production from carrageenan waste
on biodegradability. In addition, it can be useful for enriching
knowledge related to bioplastics based on cellulose from
carrageenan waste and appropriate formulation techniques for
making bioplastics based on cellullose as well as getting the best
sorbitol concentration in bioplastic based on cellulose from
carrageenan waste.
CONSEPTUAL Seaweed
Industry Plastic
FRAMEWORK difficult to decompose
Carragenaan processing

Plastics are easily biodegradable

Waste
Bioplastic

Liquid Waste Solid Waste Hydrocolloid

Polysaccharide Chitosan
Cellulose
Reducing the distance of cellulose
Forming films with weak molecules
hydrogen bonds
Form a strong, compact, and
transparent film
Strengthen Hydrogen bonds
Plasticizer
CMC
The distance between molecules
is getting tighter Sorbitol
Thickener,
stabilizer Reducing hydrogen bonds
and binder
Bioplastics are rigid
and not elastic
Reducing intermolecular interactions

Sorbitol concentration
Increase elasticity and
tensile strength

Bioplastic characteristics Biodegradation Ability

Tensile strength Elongicity Hydrophobicity

Bioplastics are easily degraded and mechanical

properties according to SNI standards

: The aspects studied SNI Standards for Mechanical Properties of

Bioplastics:
Tensile Strength 24,7-302 Mpa
--------- ----- : The aspects not studied Elogicity 21-220%
Hydrophobicity 99%
 HYPOTHESIS

The application of sorbitol in bioplastics based

on cellulose from carrageenan waste affects H1
the ability of biodegradation.

Addition of the best concentration of sorbitol bioplastics

based on celullose meets the biodegradation standards
H1
and mechanical properties of bioplastics based on
literature review.
TIME AND PLACE

TIME

February-March 2020
 TOOLS AND MATERIALS

TOOLS M AT E R I A L S

100 mesh sifter, ruler, beaker glass, erlenmeyer, grinder,

glass mold, measuring cup, hot plate, calico cloth,
magnetic stirrer, knife, stirring rods, watch glass, petri
dishes, drropper, micro pipettes, thermometers, cutting
boards, analytical balance, pH meters, and oven.
Solid waste making carrageenan seaweed industry from
PT Kappa Carrageenan Nusantara (KCN) Pasuruan,
aluminum foil, sorbitol, aquadest, chitosan, CMC,
0,665 M vinegar and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
 Research Method

The method that used in this The experimental design used this study
research is experimental is Completely Randomized Design
method and literature review

Treatments
No. Material Unit
P0 P1 P2 P3 P4
1. Carragenan Waste Gram 50 50 50 50 50
2. Sorbitol ml 0 3 6 9 12
3. Kitosan Gram 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,81
4. CMC Gram 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5
5. CH3COOH ml 30 30 30 30 30
 MAIN DATA

Biodegradation Test This method is a simple qualitative method to

characterize the biodegradation process of a
polymer by determining the mass loss and
degradability of the sample material

M (%) = Persentase biodegradasi

M1 = Berat akhir sampel setelah
penguburan dalam tanah
M0 = Berat awal sampel
 Research Method
Research Flow Chart
Experimental Journal Literature Review

Prifying and soaking carragenan waste in

Cellulose Mechanical Properties:
H2O2 6% 600 ml Tensile Strength
content Water Resistance
Percent Elongation
Washing until neutral pH

Drying 2-5 days at room

temperature

Carrageenan Waste Cellulose

Making bioplastic

0 ml 3 ml 6 ml 9 ml 12ml
sorbitol sorbitol sorbitol sorbitol sorbitol

Dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water

temperature of 700C 30 minutes

Printing on petri dishes

Drying 2-3 days

Bioplastic

Biodegradation Test

Data analysis

Conclusion
 RESULT

Visual appearance of bioplastic with the addition of sorbitol: (P1) bioplastic with sorbitol 0 ml, (P2) bioplastic with sorbitol 3 ml, (P3) bioplastic
with sorbitol 6 ml, (P4) bioplastic with sorbitol 9 ml, (P5) bioplastic with sorbitol 12 ml
 RESULT

70

60

50

Biodegradasi (%)
40

30 58.68e 0,90
54.80d 0,87
20 42.67c 0,68
33.77b 0,51
10
15.48a 0,20

0
0 3 6 9 12

Sorbitol (ml)
Graphic Comparison of Bioplastic Percentage Percentage for 7 days with Different Sorbitol Concentrations
Note: different notations indicate significant differences (p <0.05)
RESULT

Biodegradtion test, each treatment got a significant difference due to

p value <0.05 so that the addition of sorbitol concentration treatment
significantly affected the ability of biodegradation.

DMRT test, it was found that the best biodegradation capability of

bioplastics is obtained in the manufacture of bioplastics with the
addition of 12 ml sorbitol, the value is 58.68 ± 0.90% for 7 days
 DISCUSSION

Due to the result, increasing the sorbitol concentration will further a

ccelerate the process of bioplastic degradation on bioplastic based
cellulose carrageenan waste.

Sorbitol is a hydrophilic material that has the ability to bind water. Water is a growing medium for most
bacteria and microbes, so the high water content causes bioplastics to be more easily degraded (Afif et al.,
2018). Plastic surfaces that are hydrophilic will make it easier for decomposing bacteria to colonize (Usha et
al., 2011). The bacterial colony will stick to the surface of the plastic and form a biofilm, then the bacteria
break down complex polymers into simple ones thus accelerating the degradation process (Das and Kumar,
2013).
 DISCUSSION Bioplastic mechanical properties Standard

Hidayati et al. (2015), tensile strength value on the addition of 0 ml sorbitol is equal to 62.22 MPa, sorbitol 3
ml at 35.28 MPa, 6 ml sorbitol at 16.66 MPa, 9 ml sorbitol at 11.76 MPa, the results of the study indicate that
TS the addition of sorbitol 3 ml in bioplastic manufacturing has produced tensile strength in accordance with
SNI standards of packaging materials which ranges from 24.7-302 MPa (Melani et al., 2017).

Sitomput et al. (2017), bioplastics with the addition of 3 ml sorbitol have an elongation of 44.65%. So,
PE according to the results of the study are in accordance with SNI standards of packaging materials with a
value of 21-220% elongation (Melani et al., 2017).

Afif et al. (2018), the addition of sorbitol 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, and 4 ml in the making of bioplastics has resulted
in a swelling of 71.04%; 73.78%; 87.39%; and 88.03%, this shows that the addition of sorbitol has an
H influence on the percent of distension so that the greater the sorbitol added, the greater the percent of
distension in bioplastics.
 CONCLUSION

•The application of sorbitol in the manufacture of bioplastics based on cellulose

carragenan waste has a significant effect on biodegradability. The addition of sorbitol
12
ml in bioplastic manufacturing obtained the highest degradation results with a value
of 58.68 ± 0.90% for 7 days. The higher sorbitol concentration causes the bioplastic
biodegradation process to be faster.

•Based on the results of previous studies on the mechanical properties of bioplastics

based on cellulose with the addition of sorbitol, to get bioplastics according to the
biodegradable standard value, the best sorbitol concentration added by 3 ml, this is
also based on the effect of sorbitol on the mechanical properties of bioplastics. In the
mechanical properties of bioplastics, the higher the concentration of sorbitol will
increase percent elongation and percent hydrophobicity, but reduce the value of
tensile strength.
THANK YOU