CORRECTIONAL

ADMINISTRATION
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
PENOLOGY – study of punishment of crime or of criminal
offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention
of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.
- The term derived from the Latin word “poena” which
means pain or suffering. Penology is otherwise known as
Penal Science.

PENAL MANAGEMENT – refers to the manner or practice of

managing or controlling places of confinement as jails or
prisons.
CORRECTIONS – a branch of the Criminal
Justice System concerned with the
custody, supervision and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION – the

study and practice of a system
management of jails or prisons and other
institution concerned with the custody,
treatment and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS

13TH Century – Securing Sanctuary

In the 13th century a criminal could avoid
punishment by claiming refugee in a church
for a period of 40 days, at the end of which
time he is compelled to leave the realm by a
road or path assigned to him.
16th Century – Transportation of criminals in
England was authorized. At the end of the
16th century Russia and other European
countries followed this system. It partially
relieved overcrowding of prisons.
Transportation was abandoned in 1826.

17th Century to late 18th Century – Death

penalty became prevalent as a form of
punishment.
GALLEYS
- long, low, narrow, single decked ships
propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals.
- a type of ship used for transportation of
criminals in the 16th century

HULKS
- decrepit transport, former warships used to
house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.
- abandoned warships converted into prisons,
also called “floating hells”.
 PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PENOLOGY

1. Classical School – the doctrine of psychological

hedonism or freewill. “Let the punishment fits the
crime”.

2. Neo-Classical School – children and lunatics must be

free from punishment.

3. Positivist/Italian School – denied individual

responsibility and reflected on positive reactions to
crime and criminality. “Let the punishment fits the
criminal”.
Early Forms
of
Corrections
1. PUNGENT POTION
2. GROTESQUE MASK
3. TREPHINATION
METHOD
4. BANISHMENT
Early Forms of
Punishment
 1. Flogging
 it
is the whipping of a stick,
rope, or leather to a person
who violates the law
 2. Mutilation

 it
is the cutting of some parts
of the offender’s body.
 3. Branding
 was used as a lesser form of
mutilation, the Romans,
Greeks, French, British and
many other societies have all
used this.
 4. Public Humiliation
 itgives an opportunity of the
members of the community to
take its vengeance. Offenders
are sent to the stocks or pillory
found themselves captive and
on public display.
5. Exile or Banishment
6. Workhouses
Early Codes
Code of Hammurabi (1760
B.C.) – oldest code
prescribing savage
punishment.
Justinian Code – formally
Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of
Civil Law) written by Emperor
Justinian of Rome in 6th C.A.D.
 The Twelve Tables (XII
Tabulae) – represented
the earliest codification of
Roman law incorporated
into the Justinian Code.
Code of Draco – a harsh
code that provides the
same punishment for both
citizens and the slaves
 Burgundian Code –
specified punishment
according to the social
class of offenders.
 Code of Kalantiao –
promulgated in 1433 by
Datu Kalantiao
Maragtas Code – by
Datu Sumakwel
Early Prisons
1. Mamertine Prison – early Roman place of
confinement which is built under the
main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.

2. Brideswell Workhouse – built in 1557 in

London for the employment and housing
of English prisoners. First workhouse in
Europe.

3. Wallnut Street Jail – first American

Penitentiary
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
- 18th century is a century of change, the
period of recognizing human dignity.

PIONEERS:
1. William Penn (1614-1718)

- first leader to prescribe imprisonment

as correctional treatment for major
offenders.
- responsible for the abolition of death
penalty and torture as a form of
punishment
2. Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755)
- a French historian and philosopher who
analyzed law as an expression of justice.

3. Voltaire (1694-1778)
- he believes that fear of shame was a
deterrent to crime.

4. Cesare Bonesana Marchese de Beccaria

(1737-1794)
- presented the humanistic goal of law.
5. Jeremy Bentham (1746-1832)
- the greatest leader in the reform of
English Criminal Law. He believes that
whatever punishment designed to negate
whatever pleasure or gain the criminal
derives from crime, the crime rate would
go down.
- the one who devise the ultimate
PANOPTICAL PRISON
6. John Howard (1726-1790)
- Sheriff of Bedfordshire in
1773 who devoted his life and
fortune to prison reform.
PUNISHMENT
- it is the redress that the state takes
against an offending member of society
that usually involve pain and suffering.

ANCIENT FORMS:
1. Death Penalty

2. Physical Torture

3. Social Degradation

4. Banishment or Exile
5. Transportation and Slavery
 CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT

1. Imprisonment
2. Parole
3. Probation
4. Fine
5. Destierro
JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT

1. Retribution
2. Expiation or Atonement
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation and Protection
 TWO RIVAL PRISON SYSTEM

A. The Auburn Prison System

- “Congregate System” where prisoners
are confined in their own cells during the
night and congregate work in shops
during the day.
B. The Pennsylvania Prison System
- “Solitary System” where
prisoners are confined in single
cells day and night

> In both prison system, complete

silence was being enforced.
PENALTY

- defined as the suffering inflicted by the

state against an offending member for
the transgression of law.
 Judicial Conditions of Penalty

1. Productive of Suffering
2. Commensurate with the offense
3. Personal
4. Legal
5. Equal
6. Certain
7. Correctional
 DEVELOPMENT OF
NATIONAL PRISONS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS
 The Bureau of Prisons was
created by virtue of
Reorganization Act No. 1407 on
Nov. 1, 1905.

 From Bureau of Prisons, it was

renamed Bureau of Corrections
under E.O. 292 on Nov. 22, 1989.
- headed by the Director of Prisons,
appointed by the President with the
confirmation of the Commission of
Appointments.
- has general supervision and control
of all national prisons or
penitentiaries and is charged with the
safekeeping of all insular prisoners
confined therein or committed to the
custody of the Bureau.
 COVERAGE OF THE BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS
1. National Bilibid Prisons (Muntinlupa,
Rizal)
a. New Bilibid Prison (Main Building)
b. Camp Sampaguita
c. Camp Bukang Liwayway

2. Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)

3. Correctional Institution for Women

(Mandaluyong)
4. The Penal Colonies:
a. Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm
(Occidental Mindoro)
b. Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm
(Palawan)
c. Davao Penal Colony and Farm (Central
Davao)
d. San Ramon Penal Colony and Farm
(Zamboanga)
e. Leyte Regional Prison (Abuyog, Leyte)
 BILIBID PRISON
 First prison created during the
Spanish regime

 Built in 1847

 Now called NEW BILIBID PRISON

 SAN RAMON PENAL COLONY
AND FARM
 The second prison established by
the Spaniards.
 Established in August 21, 1869.

 Located in Zamboanga City

 Founded by Capt. Ramon Blanco

 IWAHIG PENAL COLONY AND
FARM
 First prison established during the
American Period.
 Built on Nov. 16, 1904.

 Established by Gov. Luke Wright

 Iwahig, Palawan
 IWAHIG

SUB-COLONIES
 Santa Lucia

 Central

 Montible

 Inagawan
 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
FOR WOMEN
 The second prison established by the
Americans.
 Established on Nov. 27, 1929 with land

area of 11 hectares
 Under the directorship of Ramon
Victorio
 Mandaluyong City
 DAVAO PENAL COLONY

 The third to be established by

Americans.
 Established on Jan. 21, 1932

 Founded by Lt. Col. Paulino Santos

 Land area of 5, 427 hectares

 NEW BILIBID PRISON
 Fourth to be established during the
American period.
 Bilibid Prison was transferred to
Muntinlupa from Manila and was
renamed New Bilibid Prison in 1935
 Land area of 447 hectares
NBP-MAIN COMPOUND

 Houses the Maximum Security

Unit.
 CAMP SAMPAGUITA

 Houses the Medium Security

Unit.
CAMP BUKANG LIWAYWAY

 Houses the Minimum Security

Unit.
 SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY
 First prison established under the Philippine
Republic in Sept. 26, 1954

 Located at Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro

 Land area: 8, 327 hectares

 Under the directorship of Atty. Alfredo M.

Bunye
 LEYTE REGIONAL
PRISON
 Second prison established under the
Philippine Republic
 Established on Jan. 16, 1973

 Under the directorship of Gen. Vicente

R. Rabal
 Located at Abuyog, Leyte with land

area of 801 hectares

PRISON

- a penitentiary, an institution for the

imprisonment of persons convicted of
major/serious crimes.

- a place of confinement for those charged

with or convicted of offenses against the
laws of the land.
WHO IS A PRISONER?
- a prisoner is a person who is under the
custody of lawful authority.
- any person detained/confined in jail or
prison for the commission of a criminal
offense or convicted and serving in a
penal institution.
- a person committed to jail or prison by a
competent authority for any of the
following reasons: to serve sentence after
conviction, trial or investigation.
 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
1. Detention Prisoners
- detained for investigation, preliminary
hearing, or awaiting trial. They are
prisoners under the jurisdiction of courts.
2. Sentenced Prisoners
- offenders who are committed to jail or
prison in order to serve their sentence
after final conviction by a competent
court. They are prisoners under the
jurisdiction of penal institutions.
3. Prisoners who are on safekeeping
- includes non-criminal offenders who are
detained in order to protect the community
against their harmful behavior.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS

1. Insular or National Prisoners
- sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3
years and 1 day to life imprisonment.

2. Provincial Prisoners
- sentenced to suffer a term imprisonment
from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine
not more than 1, 000.00 pesos or both.
3. City Prisoners
- those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a
fine of not more than 1,000.00 pesos or
both.

4. Municipal Prisoners
- those confined in Municipal jails to serve
an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF
SECURITY

1. Super Maximum Security Prisoners

> a special group of prisoners composed
of incorrigible, intractable, and highly
dangerous persons who are the source
of constant disturbances even in a
maximum security prison.
2. Maximum Security Prisoners
> the group of prisoners whose escape
could be dangerous to the public or the
security of the state. It consist of constant
trouble makers but not as dangerous as
the super maximum security prisoners.
Their movements are restricted and they
are not allowed to work outside the
institution but rather assigned to industrial
shops within the prisons compound.
 3. Medium Security Prisoners
> those who cannot be trusted in open
conditions and pose lesser danger than
maximum security prisoners in case they
escape. It consists of groups of prisoners
who may be allowed to work outside the
fence or walls of the penal institution
under guards or with escorts.
4. Minimum Security Prisoners

> a group of prisoners who can be

reasonably trusted to serve sentence
under “open conditions”. This group
includes prisoners who can be trusted
to report to their work assignments
without the presence of guards.
 WHAT IS A JAIL
> It is a place for locking-up persons
who are convicted of minor offenses
or felonies who are to serve a short
sentences imposed upon them by a
competent court, or for confinement
of persons who are awaiting trial or
investigation of their cases.
 TYPES OF JAILS
1. Lock-up Jail
> is a security facility, common to
police stations, used for
temporary confinement of
individual held for investigation.
 2. Ordinary Jails
> the type of jail commonly
used to detain a convicted
criminal offender who
serves less than three
years.
3. Workhouse, Jail Farms or Camp

> facility that houses minimum custody

offenders who are serving short
sentences or those who are
undergoing constructive work
programs. It provides full
employment of prisoners, remedial
services and constructive leisure
time activities.
 Provincial Jails
> Provincial jails in the
Philippines are not under the
jurisdiction of the Bureau of
Corrections. They are
managed and controlled by
the provincial government.
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT
AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)
> The BJMP exercises supervision and
control over the cities and municipal
jails throughout the country. The
enactment of Republic Act No. 6975
created the BJMP. It operates as a
line bureau under the Department of
Interior and Local Government
(DILG).
 Powers,
Functions and
Organization of
BJMP
 A. POWERS
> The Bureau shall exercise supervision and
control over all districts, city and municipal jails
to ensure a secured, clean, sanitary and
adequately equipped jail for the custody and
safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners, any
fugitive from justice or persons detained
awaiting investigation or trial and/or transfer to
the National Penitentiary and any violent,
mentally all person who endangers himself or
the safety of others.
 B. FUNCTIONS
In line with its mission, the Bureau endeavors to
perform the following:
 Formulate policies and guidelines on the
administration of all districts, city and municipal
jails nationwide.
 Formulate an impeachment policy for the
programs of correction, rehabilitation and
treatment of offenders.
 Plan the program funds for the subsistence
allowance of offenders.
 Conduct researches, develop and implement
plans and programs for the improvement of jail
services throughout the country.
 C. ORGANIZATION AND KEY
POSITIONS IN THE BJMP
The BJMP also referred to as the Jail
Bureau, was created pursuant to
Section 60, R.A. no. 6975, and
initially consisting of uniformed
officers and members of the Jail
Management and Penology service as
constituted under P.D. No. 765.
The Bureau shall be
headed by a chief with
the rank of Director, and
assisted by a Deputy
Chief with the rank of
Chief Superintendent.
The Central Office is the
Command and Staff HQ of the
Jail Bureau composed of three
(3) Command Groups, six (6)
Coordinating Staff Divisions,
six (6) Special Staff Groups
and six (6) Personal Staff
Groups namely:
 1. COMMAND GROUP
- Chief, BJMP
 - Deputy Chief, BJMP

 - Chief of Staff
 2. COORDINATING STAFF
GROUP
 Administrative Division
 Operations Division

 Logistics Division

 Finance Management Division

 Research Plans and Programs Division

 Inspection and Investigation Division

 3. SPECIAL STAFF GROUPS
 General Services Unit
 Health Services Unit

 Chaplain Services Unit

 Community Services Unit

 Finance Services Unit

 Hearing Office
4. PERSONAL STAFF GROUPS
 Alde-de-Camp

 Intelligence Office
 Public Information Office

 Legal Office

 Adjudication Office

 Internal Audit
 Regional Office
> At the Regional level, each
region shall have a
designated Assistant
Regional Director for Jail
Management and Penology.
 Provincial Level
> In the provincial level, there
shall be designated a
Provincial Jail Administrator to
perform the same functions as
the ARD’s province wide.
 District Office
> In the district level, where
there are large cities and
municipalities, a district jail
with subordinate jails, headed
by a District Warden may be
established as necessary.
 City and Municipal
Office
> In the city and
municipal level, a City
and Municipal Warden
shall head each jail.
 Rank

Classification of

the BJMP
 Rank Position/Title Appointing Authority

 Director Chief of the BJMP Secretary of DILG

 Chief Supt. Deputy Chief BJMP same

 Senior Supt. Asst. Regional Dir. Same

 Supt. Asst. Regional Dir. Same

 Chief Insp. Warden Under Secretary

 Senior Insp. Warden same

 Inspector Warden same

 SJO4- JO1 Jail Guards Chief of the BJMP

 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. WARDEN
- Director, Coordination, and Control of the Jail
- Responsible for the security, safety, discipline and well
being of inmates.
- The office of the warden may organize the following units:
1. Intelligence and Investigation Team
- It gathers, collates and submits intelligence information to
the office of the warden on matter regarding the jail
condition.
2. Jail Inspectorate Section
- inspect jail facilities, personnel, and prisoners and submit
reports to the warden.
3. Public Relation Office
- maintain public relation to obtain the necessary and
adequate public support.
B. ASSISTANT WARDEN

 The office of the Assistant Warden

undertakes the development of a
systematic process of treatment.
 Chairman of the Classification
Board and Disciplinary Board
 C. ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS

The administrative groups take charge of all

administrative functions of the jail bureau.
1. Personnel Management Branch
 Assignment of Personnel

 Procedures of Selection

 Preparation of Personnel Reports

 Individual Record File

2. Records and Statistics Branch

 Keep and maintain booking sheets and

arrest reports
 Keep an orderly record of fingerprints
and photographs
 Present/prepare statistical data of
inmates
3. Property and Supply Branch

 Take charge of the safe keeping of

equipments and supplies and
materials needed for the operational
of the jail.
4. Budget and Finance Branch

 Take charge of all financial matters

such as budgeting, financing,
accounting and auditing.
5. Mess Service Branch

 Take charge of the preparation of

the daily menu, prepares and cook
the food and serve it to inmates.
6. General Service Branch

 Responsible for the maintenance

and repair of jail facilities and
equipments. It is also task with
the cleanliness and beautification
of the jail compound.
7. Mittimus Computing Branch

 Tasked to receive court decisions and

compute the date of the full completion
of the service of sentence of inmates.
 Mittimus – is a warrant issued by a
court directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive the convicted
offender for the service of sentence
imposed therein or for detention.
 D. SECURITY GROUPS
The security groups provided a system of sound
custody, security and control of inmates and
their movements and also responsible to
enforce prison or jail discipline.
1. Escort Platoon
 Escort Section – to escort inmate upon order
of any judicial body: upon summon of a court;
or transfer to other penal institution.
 Subpoena Section – receives and distribute
court summons, notices, subpoenas, etc.
2. Security Platoon – a
three (3) working platoon shifts
responsible for over all security
of the jail compound including
gates, guard posts and towers.
They are also responsible for the
admitting and releasing unit.
 E. REHABILITATION
PURPOSES GROUPS
This group provides services and
assistance to prisoners and their
families to enable them to solve
their individual needs and
problems arising form the
prisoners’ confinement.
 Guidance and
Counseling Services
 Work and Education
Therapy Services
 Socio-Cultural Services
 Chaplaincy Services
 Medical and Health
Services Branch
 NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED

CORRECTIONS OR COMMUNITY-

BASED CORRECTIONS
 FORERUNNERS OF PROBATION

1. Benefits of the Clergy

2. Judicial Reprieve
3. Recognizance or “binding over for good
behavior”
4. Transportation
JOHN AUGUSTUS
> (1785-June 21, 1859) was a Boston boot
maker who is called the "Father of
Probation" in the United States because of
his pioneering efforts to campaign for more
lenient sentences for convicted criminals
based on their backgrounds.
MATTHEW DAVENPORT HILL
 (6 August 1792 – 7 June 1872) was an

English lawyer and penologist. The Father of

Probation in England.

EDWARD SAVAGE
> First paid and official probation officer.
Massachusetts - developed the first state wide
probation system in 1880

Juvenile Probation
1899 – Minnesota and Illinois enacted laws
giving probation service to children only.

Rhode Island – 1st completely state-

administered probation system appeared
New Jersey – 4th state to adopt general
probation law after the New England model
in 1900.

New York – 5th to provide adult probation

California – 6th to enact adult probation law

PROBATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

August 7, 1935 – Philippine Legislature

enacted the Probation Act (Act No. 4221).

November 16, 1937 – Supreme Court declared

Act No. 4221 as unconstitutional.
Presidential Decree No. 968 – Adult Probation
Law of 1976
 Signed into law on July 24, 1976

 Effectivity: Jan. 3, 1978

Teudolo Natividad – “Father of Probation in the

Philippines”.
> Fomer NAPOLCOM Commissioner and
former Congressman of Bulacan
PROBATION
- a disposition whereby a defendant
after conviction of an offense, the penalty
of which does not exceed six years
imprisonment, is released subject to the
conditions of imposed by the releasing
court and under the supervision of a
parole officer.
 BENEFITS OF PROBATION
1. Probation protects society.
2. Probation protects the victim.
3. Probation protects the family.
4. Probation assist the government.
5. Probation helps the offender.
6. Probation justifies the philosophy of men.
 TYPES OF PROBATION

1. Juvenile Probation (PD 603)

2. Adult Probation (PD 968)

 sentenced is not more than 6 yrs.

 15 days to file an application for probation
 POST- SENTENCE INVESTIGATION REPORT
(PSIR)
 The court grants or denies the petition for
probation within 15 days upon receipt of the
Post-Sentence Investigation Report.
 PSIR is conducted within 60 days by the
probation officer.
 PAROLE SYSTEM

 Conditional release of an offender from a

penal institution after serving the minimum
period of his prison sentence.
PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION

The Organization
The Probation Administration was created by virtue of
Presidential Decree No. 968, “The Probation Law of
1976”, to administer the probation system. Under
Executive Order No. 292, “The Administrative Code of
1987” which was promulgated on November 23, 1989,
the Probation Administration was renamed “Parole and
Probation Administration” and given the added function
of supervising prisoners who, after serving part of their
sentence in jails are released on parole pardon with
parole conditions
Effective August 17, 2005, by virtue of a Memorandum
of Agreement with the Dangerous Drugs Board, the
Administration performs another additional function of
investigating and supervising first-time minor drug
offenders who are placed on suspended pursuant to
Republic Act No. 9165.
The Board of Pardons and Parole, created by virtue of
Act No. 4103 (1933) known as the Indeterminate
Sentence Law, is an agency under the Department of
Justice (DOJ) tasked to uplift and redeem valuable
human resources to economic usefulness and to prevent
unnecessary and excessive deprivation of personal
liberty by way of parole or through executive clemency.
The Board undertakes the following:
 Looks into the physical, mental and moral records of
prisoners who are eligible for parole or any form of
executive clemency and determines the proper time of
release of such prisoners on parole;
 Assists in the full rehabilitation of individuals on parole
or those under conditional pardon with parole
conditions, by way of parole supervision; and,
 Recommends to the President of the Philippines the
grant of any form of executive clemency to prisoners
other than those entitled to parole.
 EXECUTIVE CLEMENCIES

1. Pardon
a. Absolute Pardon
b. Conditional Pardon
2. Amnesty
3. Commutation of Sentence
4. Reprieve
 THANK YOU
AND
GOODLUCK!

BY:

Maria Theresa Ramonida-Amparado

Registered Criminologist
PRC No. 0039729