INTERNET CONTROL

MESSAGE
PROTOC OL(I CMP)
Name : Kunal Jangra
: Shivam Tripathi
Enrolment no. : A2305219630
: A2305219629
 ICMP

TA B L E O F Format of an ICMP
CONTENTS
Message
Error reporting by
ICMP
 ICMP

 ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol.

 Used by hosts and routers to send the notifications od datagram problems back to the sender.
 Uses echo test/reply to check whether the destination is reachable and responding .
 ICMP handle both control and error messages , but its main function is to report the error
but not to correct them.
 ICMP

 An IP datagram contains the addresses of both source and

destination , but does not know the address of the previous
router through which it has been passed.
 ICMP can only send the messages to the source, but not to
the immediate routers.
 ICMP protocol communicates the error messages to the
sender.
I P D ATA G R A M

 ICMP messages cause the errors to be returned back to user processes.

 ICMP messages are transmitted within IP datagram.

IP Datagram

IP Header ICMP Message

20 bytes 32 bites
F O R M AT O F A N I C M P M E S S A G E

8 bits 8 bits 16bits

Type Code Checksum

Rest of Header

Data Section
 Error Reporting – Reports
problem that Router or a host
may encounter while processing
of IP Packet.
ICMP
MESSAGES
Query- Help Router or a host to
get specific information about
another host
E RROR REP ORT I NG ME SSAGE S

Error Reporting

Destination Source Parameter

Time Exceeded Redirection
unrechable Quench Problems
D E S T I N AT I O N U N R E A C H A B L E

 When a route to the destination is not found ,datagram is discarded and the Router or a host
send Destination Unreachable message back to the source.
SOURCE QUENCH

 The purpose of the source quench message is congestion control.

 This message informs the source that a datagram has been discorded due to congestion.
 ICMP will take IP address of discarded packet and then add the source quench message to the
IP datagram to inform the source host to reduce its transmission rate.
TIME EXCEEDED
 Time exceeded is also known as ‘Time -To -Live’.
 This is the parameter that defines how long a packet should live before it would be discarded.
 There are two ways when time exceeded message can e generated:
 1. Packet discarded due to some bad routing implementation and this cause the looping issue and
network congestion .Due to the looping issue, the value of TTL keeps on decrementing by the
router, the Time Exceeded message will be send by the router to the source host.
 2. When destination host does not receive all the fragments in a certain time limit , then the
received fragments are also discarded , and the destination host sends Time Exceeded message to
the source.
PA R A M E T E R P R O B L E M

 When a router or host discovers any missing value in the IP datagram , the router discards the
datagram , and the ‘ Parameter problem ‘ message is sent back to the source host.
REDIRECTION

 Redirection message is generated when host consists of a small routing table.

 When the host consists of a limited number of entries due to which It sends the datagram to a
wrong router.
 The router that receive a datagram will forward a datagram to a correct router and also sends
the ‘ Redirection Message ‘ to the host to update its routing table.
I C M P Q U E RY M E S S A G E S
 It is used to diagnose some Network Problems.
 1. ECHO Request and Reply – Designed for the diagnostic purpose . These messages are used to
determine whether two system can communicate with each other.

 2. Timestamp Request and Reply - Two machines uses these message to determine the round-Trip
time needed for an IP datagram to travel between them.
Thank You