JAPANESE PERIOD

January 2, 1942 – September 2, 1945

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Timeline
 Japan opened a
surprise attack on the
Philippines on
December 8, 1941
 Manila, declared an
open city to stop its
destruction, was
occupied by the
Japanese on January
2, 1942
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 April 9, 1942 – surrender of Bataan and
Death March; 10-day march from
Mariveles, Bataan to Camp O’Donnell in
Capas, Tarlac
 May 6, 1942 – Corregidor fell in the hands
of Commander Homma of the Japanese
Imperial Forces

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DEATH MARCH

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Corregidor Map

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Timeline
 Oct. 14, 1943 – sponsored a “Philippine
Republic,” with José P. Laurel, former Supreme
Court justice, as president.
 Osmeña , with Douglas MacArthur returned to
the Philippines with the first liberation forces by
Oct. 20, 1944 at Leyte, in the heart of the
islands, after months of U.S. air strikes against
Mindanao.
 The Philippine government was established at
Tacloban, Leyte, on Oct. 23.

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Timeline
 July 5, 1945, MacArthur announced “All
the Philippines are now liberated.”
 Fighting continued until Japan's formal
surrender on September 2, 1945.
 The Philippine congress met on June 9,
1945, for the first time since its election in
1941.

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Timeline
 It faced huge problems. The land was
destroyed by war, the economy destroyed,
the country torn by political warfare and
guerrilla violence.
 Osmeña’s leadership was challenged (Jan.,
1946) when one wing (now the Liberal
party) of the Nationalist party nominated
for president Manuel Roxas, who defeated
Osmeña in April.
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 Jose P. Laurel
- president of the
Japanese-sponsored
Philippine Republic,
Oct. 14, 1943

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POLITICS
 January 23, 1942 – Philippine Executive Commission
with Jorge B. Vargas as chairman
 department heads:
– Benigno Aquino, Sr., interior;
– Antonio de las Alas, finance;
– Jose P. Laurel, justice;
– Claro M. Recto, education, health, and public welfare;
and
– Quintin Paredes, public works and communication;
– Jose Yulo was named Chief Justice of the Supreme court.

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President Jose P. Laurel with Jorge Vargas and Benigno Aquino Sr.

 President Jose P. Laurel with Jorge Vargas

and Benigno Aquino Sr. (24"x31")

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 The Preparatory Commission for Philippine
Independence (PCPI) - is to draw up a
constitution for a free Philippines with Jose
Laurel as its head.
 Against the will of the PCPI delegates the
new Constitution was finalized on July 10,
1943. Two months later it was ratified by
the KALIBAPI, which was the only political
party allowed to exist at that time.
KALIBAPI is the acronym for "Kapisanan sa
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas".
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The Second Republic

 
 On September 20 1943, the
KALIBAPI- under the leadership of its
director general, Benigno Aquino Sr.
held a party convention to elect 54
members of the National Assembly.
 The Assembly was actually made up
of 108 members; but half of this
number was composed of incumbent
governors and city mayors.
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Jose P. Laurel was elected as president of
the second republic and both Benigno
Aquino Sr. & Ramon Avancena as a vice-
presidents.
 The new republic was inaugurated on
October 14 1943 on the front steps of the
legislative building in Manila.

 The Philippine flag was hoisted as the

national anthem was played.  

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 Meanwhile, the Japanese started
using propaganda to gain the trust
and confidence of Filipinos who
refused to cooperate with them. They
hung giant posters and distribute
their materials that contains such
slogans as "the Philippines belong to
the Filipinos."
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 they also used newspapers, movies, and
others to publicize the same idea.
Promoting Japanese propaganda was one
of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI,
but still Japanese failed to gain the trust of
the Filipinos.

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EDUCATION
 Japanese educational policies were
embodied in Military Order No. 2 in 1942.
 The Philippine Executive Commission
established the Commission of Education,
Health and Public Welfare and schools were
reopened in June 1942.
 On October 14, 1943, the Japanese -
sponsored Republic created the Ministry of
Education.
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EDUCATION
 Under the Japanese regime, the teaching
of Tagalog, Philippine History, and
Character Education was reserved for
Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of
labor was emphasized.
 On February 27, 1945, the Department of
Instruction was made part of the
Department of Public Instruction

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Instructions – Japanese Sentry

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 Japanese plan

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PICTURES
 Tanks of Japanese
General Masaharu
Homma's 14th Army
deploy in the
Philippines after the
Japanese invasion of
Luzon.

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PICTURES
 Lieutenant General
Masaharu Homma
steps ashore at
Lingayen Gulf after
his troops have
secured a beachhead.

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PICTURES
 The island stronghold
of Corregidor at the
entrance to Manila
Bay has
fallen after a lengthy
siege and Japanese
troops lower the
American flag.

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PICTURES
 Japanese troops
scream "Banzai".
They have conquered
the Philippines and
will now
take their revenge on
the American and
Philippine troops who
resisted them for so
long.

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PICTURES
 Death was to be the
fate of many of the
American and
Philippine troops who
were forced by their
Japanese captors to
take part in the
infamous Bataan
Death March.

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PICTURES
 To save them from
execution by the
Japanese guards,
prisoners carry
comrades who have
collapsed during the
Bataan Death March
from sickness, heat
and exhaustion.

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POSTWAR
 Legislative Building in
Ruins, Manila

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 Manila, after Warsaw,
was the most
destroyed Allied city
of World War II
from Karnow, S. In
Our Image

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 Corner of Taft Avenue
and Calle Herran
From The Battle for
Manila in 1954 by
Armand V. Fabella,
Mabuhay Magazine,
February, 1995

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 A nurse pushing a cart
during an evacuation
near the Philippine
Women's College.
From the Battle for
Manila in 1945 by
Armand V. Fabella,
Mabuhay Magazine,
February 1995.

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COMFORT WOMEN

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COMFORT WOMEN
 Former Filipino comfort woman
Piedad Nobleza, 86, holds slogans
during a demonstration outside the
Japanese Embassy in Pasay City
Friday. Elderly Filipino women and
their supporters demanded Tokyo's
clear-cut apology and
compensation for wartime sexual
slavery by Japanese troops.
AP/AARON FAVILAAssociated Press
First Posted 17:41:00 08/15/2008

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