INTRODUCTION

• Plastic Raw Materials :

• Thermosets
• Thermoplastics
• The main difference between these materials is that
Thermosets are resistant to heat and once formed cannot be
re-shaped
• Thermoplastics can’t be used in situations where they get
very hot because they can be reshaped by heating
Confidential
Injection Moulding 
•  Injection Moulding is the most common of the plastic
processing methods
• Injection Moulding is a batch process
• It is used to produce large quantities of identical items, it is
economically viable in mass production and gives a very low
unit production cost.
Injection Moulding Process 
• 1. Plastic powder or granules are fed from a hopper into a hollow steel
barrel which contains a rotating screw. The barrel is heated which
melts the plastic material as it is carried along the barrel by the screw
towards the mould. 

• The screw is forced back as the melted plastic collects at the end of the
barrel
• 3. When enough melted plastic has collected a hydraulic ram forces
the screw forward injecting the thermoplastic through into the mould.

• Pressure is kept on the mould until the plastic has cooled enough for
the mould to be opened and the component ejected.
Blow Moulding 
• Blow moulding is a
process for converting
thermoplastics into
hollow objects
• The most common
methods of blow
moulding are
extrusion, injection,
and injection-stretch
blow moulding 
Blow Moulding Process
• A tube of molten plastics (called a parison) is extruded into
an open mould.
• The mould closes and then the tube is inflated so that it
takes on the shape of the mould. It is then cooled and
released as a fully formed container.
Extrusion 
• Extrusion is the process of melting plastic pellets, flake or
powder by means of heat and pressure, then forcing the
melt through a die to produce film or a three-dimensional
profile shape
• Extrusion is a continous process, unlike injection moulding 
Extrusion Process
• Dry plastic material is loaded into a hopper, then fed into a
long heating chamber through which it is moved by the
action of a continuously revolving screw.
• At the end of the heating chamber the molten plastic is
forced out through a small opening or die with the shape
desired in the finished product.
• As the plastic extrusion comes from the die, it is fed onto a
conveyor belt where it is cooled, most frequently by blowers
or by immersion in water