REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Main functions of
reproductive
system
 Main function

The major function of the

reproductive system is to ensure
survival of the species.
 Comparison between reproductive system and other systems

Reproductive Other
System Systems

• if the species is to continue, at least
some individuals must produce
offspring.
• Other systems in the body, such as the
endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain homeostasis for survival
of th e individual. An individual may live a
long, healthy, and happy life without
producing offspring,
 u n c tio n s o f th e r ep ro d u c tive
F
system

erm
• To produce egg and sp
cells
these cells
• To transport and sustain

g offspring
• To nurture the developin

• To produce hormones
 Products of reproductive system

Male reproductive system Female reproductive

system

• The male reproductive system produces • The female reproductive system

spermatozoa produces ova cells
 A detailed explanation of
which organs/structures make
up the reproductive system
TESTICLES ->Most men have two
testes
-> Each lobule contains
tiny U-shaped tubes
called seminiferous
tubules
-> Each spermatic cord
is made of tough
connective tissue and
muscle
Uterus
->The uterus has a muscular outer
layer called the myometrium and
an inner lining called the
endometrium

->Blood is provided to the uterus

by the ovarian and uterine arteries

->The uterus has a muscular

outer layer called the
myometrium
The ->made up of many
branching ducts
prostate surrounded by the stroma.
->made up of connective
tissue and muscle fibres.
->seminal vesicles
->covered by the anterior
fibromuscular stroma
Fallopian ->found in the female reproductive tract

->extending laterally from the uterus

tubes ->The fallopian tube is described as having four part

>>Fimbriae

>>Infundibulum

>>Ampulla

>>Isthmus
FUNCTIONS
Fallopian Tube
❖Connects the ovaries and
uterus

❖Pathway to sperm to travel

❖Pathway for the ova to travel

❖Site where fertilization occurs

Uterus

• Hollow and pear-shaped

organ
• Home for developing fetus
• Divided into parts
❖Cervix – part that open into
vagina
❖Corpus - hold a developing
baby
PROSTRATE

• Helps to produce
semen
• Close the urethra
during ejaculation
 TESTICLES

• Responsible for making

testosterone
• Hair growth
• Muscle growth
• Red blood cell production
RELATIONSHIP OF
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM TO OTHER
SYSTEMS.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

• Estrogens stimulate fat deposition and breast development

in females.

• Pregnancy may cause pigmentation changes and stretch

mark.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Encloses and protects pelvic organs.

• Provides minerals for fetus growth and lactation.

• Narrow pelvic outlet makes childbirth difficult.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• Muscles of pelvic floor support reproductive organs, aid
erection of penis and clitoris, and function in orgasm.

• Abdominal muscles aid in childbirth.

• Cremaster muscle helps maintain temperature of testes

NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Hormones from gonads and placenta exert negative
feedback control on hypothalamus.

• Hypothalamus initiates gonadotropin function and

lactation.

• Androgens stimulate libido.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Hormones regulate puberty, gametogenesis, libido,
pregnancy, lactation, and climacteric.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Changes in blood flow produce vasocongestion and
erection in sexual arousal.

• Blood distributes sex hormones, transports nutrients to

fetus, and removes fetal waste.

• Pampiniform plexus prevents overheating of testes.

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEMS

• Testes, scrotum, and breasts have extensive lymphatic drainage.

• Immune cells protect reproductive organs.

• Breast milk confers passive immunity on neonate.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Sexual arousal increases pulmonary ventilation.

• Pregnancy reduces depth of inspiration but increases respiratory rate.

• Provides O2, removes CO2; Valsalva maneuver aids childbirth

URINARY SYSTEM
• Disposes of wastes, maintains electrolyte and pH balance of mother and
fetus.

• Urethra serves as passageway for semen.

• Sexual arousal constricts internal urinary sphincter.

• Prostatic hyperplasia may impede urine flow.

• Pregnancy crowds urinary bladder and often causes incontinence .

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Provides nutrients for gametogenesis and fetal
development.

• Fetus crowds digestive organs, thus contributing to

heartburn and constipation
MEDICAL PROBLEM AND
DISEASE ASSOSIATED TO
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Endometriosis
• Problem affecting a woman’s uterus. the place where a baby grows
when a woman is pregnant.

• Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the

uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the ovaries, behind
the uterus, on the bowels, or on the bladder
 Interstitial Cystitis
• Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder condition resulting in
recurring discomfort or pain in the bladder or surrounding pelvic
region.

• People with IC usually have inflamed or irritated bladder walls

that can cause scarring and stiffening of the bladder.

• IC can affect anyone, but it is more common in women than men

Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID)
• The female abdominal cavity has a direct
anatomical path from the outside world via the
female reproductive tract.

• Bacteria can make their way up the vagina,

through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes
which open into the abdominal cavity
Azoospermia
• When a man does not produce sperm.

• Affects 15 percent of men who have infertility.

• It can be caused by a hormone imbalance or a blockage of sperm

movement.

• Some men may not have the necessary ducts within their reproductive
organs to allow sperm to move freely.
Oligospermia
• Occur when a man produces less sperm than normal, also
called low sperm count.

• Can be caused by enlarged veins in the testicle called a

varicocele.

• Considered lower than normal if have fewer than 15 million

sperm per milliliter of semen
 REFERENCE
• https://www.britannica.com/science/human-reproductive-system/the-ovaries
•https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/diseases-by-category/10/female-reproductive-diseases.
•https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319859#what-is-it
•https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9118-female-reproductive-system
•https://www.rrnursingschool.biz/unity-companies/interactions-between-the-reproductive-system-
and-other-organ-systems.html

•https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=
•https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/%23:~:text%3DWithin%2520the%2520co
ntext%2520of%2520producing,To%2520nurture%2520the%2520developing%2520offspring&v
ed=2ahUKEwiTlo6qh7rzAhVbxDgGHXTVAqEQFnoECAUQBQ&usg=AOvVaw1LjE69O7Xp
cu958JrGKg8N
 VIDEO LINK

• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=EDTJPEJTTGW