CJR

HUMAN AND
CIVILIZATION
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
SCIENCE
 INTRODUCE WITH US
 Lecturer : Dr. Samsidar Tanjung, M.Pd
Arranged By : GROUP 2
CESP 2020

Annisa Rahayu Cecilia Yosephin Sijabat  Evaline

(4203131045) (4203131068) (4203131036)
 Table of Contents
01 Jurnal Identity

02 Summary of Journal

03 Discussion

04 Closing
 Introduction
Civilization can be interpreted as something related to
citizenship which is taken from the word civil (Latin) or civil
(English) which means a progressive citizen.Based on this
understanding, the indication that a civilization is a symptom
that appears as a society that already has various tools of
life (Fyzee, 1982: 7-11)
 Civilization is identical with the idea
of ​social progress, both in the form
of reason and rationality towards
dogma and religious doctrine, the
fading of traditional local norms and
the rapid development of natural
science and technology.
Civilized is being polite and of good
character and caring for others,
clean and polite and hygienic in
personal habits and so on.

—Mennell, Norbert Elias, 1989

 01
Jurnal Identity
 Journal 1
Journal Tittle : Culture and Civilization:
Functional and Methodological
Aspects
Author : Liliya R. Sakaeva, Diana R.
Sabirova, Marat A. Yahin,
Evgeniya V. Kuznetsova
Year : 2018
Publisher : Revista Publicando
Edition : Volume 5 no. 16
Page : 435-442
ISSN : 1390-9304
 Journal 2
Journal Tittle : Impact of Human Civilization
on The Environment
Author : M.O.A Ezimah (PhD)
Year :2021
Publisher : USHT Journals
Edition : Vol. 25 No. 2
Page : 356-367
ISSN : 2509-0119.
 02
Summary of
Journal
 Journal 1
The relationship of culture and civilization, their
similarities and differences have been a matter
of debate in the humanities for many
decades. The content of culture is extremely
heterogeneous, it includes
material, spiritual, artistic variety of human
activity. The search for a common definition of
culture has become for researchers in the
field of philosophy, anthropology, sociology one
of the key challenges in recent times.
Culture is the world that embodies
terms and prerequisites of a human
and social existence. In culture people
are aware of themselves as the sole
source, purpose and outcome of the
entire socio-historical development, as
the creator of the world changing
according to the laws of
goodness, truth, freedom and beauty. 
Culture is understood so broadly that absorbs society , covering everything that
is not a nature and is not created by nature. The term “civilization” occurs at the
stage of Enlightenment, which is associated with the theory of the social
contract. Engels sees civilization as the primeval state of mankind, it is associated
with the division of labour, the emergence of commodity exchange and states.In
Europe of the XVIII-XIX centuries many researchers understand civilization as a
polity based on reasonableness and fairness. At this historic stage researcher
begin to consider civilization at two levels. At the local level civilization is an
ethnic and geographical and cultural and historical type. But we are
interestedtoinvestigate here the concept of civilization at the global level.
Civilization is a frozen formation, culture is a spiritual formation
based on knowledge, ideas, hypotheses. We consider culture
and civilization to be not opposite towards each other, but
different in nature. Civilization as a sustainable socio-cultural
formation performs various functions. A man requires cultural
patterns to organize his own life, to adapt himself in a
society, to build a picture of the world, to form vital
installation.Civilization contains well-established values allowing
a man to navigate in the world, to find different ways and
means to solve problems.
 Civilization’s Function
Regulating one
Implementation of this function is
expressed in a man’s mastering
existing norms, traditions. Mastering
standards and traditions helps a
person to come into contact with the
outside world and take his rightful
place in it. The phenomenon of the
so-called popular culture illustrates
this function of civilization.
Unification
It expresses standardization. The
proliferation of standards in a
society is engaged in mass media.
Mass media suppose a single, unified
system of values and attitudes. The
phenomenon of the so-called
popular culture (or pop culture)
illustrates this function of civilization.
 Journal 2
Through the centuries, human civilization has given rise to human activities,
and human activities have led to environmental degradation which has
international repercussions. The resultant environmental damage of human
activities has a negative impact on the economicgrowth and livelihoods of
people. Humans and their activities impact the physical environment through
overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and depletion of
resources such as air, water and soil, the destruction of ecosystems, habitat
destruction, and the extinction of wildlife. Consequently, to meet the basic
needs of the increasing population, human society has undertaken a series of
activities such as rapid industrialization, unplanned urbanization,
deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources etc.
 Human Impact on the
Environment
The most significant human impact on the environment has been
attributed to industrial developments, which began about the mid-
nineteenth century with resource depletion and environmental
problems. Industrial activities created pollution problems oflocal,
regional and interregional magnitudes.
Writing on The Role of Human Activities in past Environmental Change,
Oldfield and Dearing (2003) document the task of modern
environmental science in understanding how human impacts on the
earth system interact with other processes of global change. Such
understanding, they point out, is important to establish the
consequences of further population growth and increased economic
activity. And their higher demands on energy, water and a wide
range of resources, both renewable and nonrenewable.
The American National Academy of Sciences, NA (2020) research on human
activities has shown that deforestation and energy consumption are
determined by population growth, economic and technological
development, cultural forest, values and beliefs, institutions and policies,
and their collective interactions. The research indicates that human
transformations of the global environment have a long history. Data
provided have shown that since 1700, human activity has converted 19 per
cent of the world’s forests and woodlands to cropland and pasture.
Ways Human Activities Negatively Impact the Environment Human activity
has had a significant negative impact on the environment during the past
centuries. Kent State University (2020) reports that humans since Homo
Sapiens first walked the earth, have been modifying the environment
through agriculture, travel, urbanization and commercial networks. In
both negative and positive ways, human civilization and technology have
affected the environment, altering it forever.
 Several environmentally damaging human activities have been identified by
some writers, researchers and investigators (Kent State University, 2020;
Wilson, 2018; Alexander, 2020; and Conserve Energy Future, 2020). They
include among others:

Deforestation Acid Rain Pollution Over

Global Warming and population
Climate Change

Ozone Land Loss and Destruction

War Impact Depletion Soil Erosion Urbanization
of Reefs
 03
Discussion
 Differences between
Journal 1 and 2
Journal 1

The first journal said, the concepts of "civilization" and "culture" are the most complicated and controversial
concepts in the humanities. At the same time, these categories are key categories in the humanities.
Civilization is a necessary formation based on production, mass media, and different mechanisms. Culture
is based on knowledge, ideas, and hypotheses. But they don’t exist without each other, though they’re
really different in nature. Civilization is an important transition from culture to the acquisition and
maintenance of cultural patterns. Civilization ensures the preservation and subsequent transformation of
cultural samples. It is reflected in its various functions.Adaptive function, regulating function, the function or
unification and repressive function take their own place in the essence if civilization.
Human creativity is always a struggle with the outside world. Traditions, customs, civilizational norms of
various sorts hinder the development of culture and creative process. When a person creates something
new, this process is inseparably linked with the permanent breaking of something. During his life a man
creates himself, and this creation is his self-affirmation.
 Differences between
Journal 1 and 2
Journal 2

The second journal said that human civilization has stimulated human activity, and human activity has
caused greatenvironmental damage. So far, human activities have been carried out recklessly. No matter
how this is affectednature upon which human survival depends.Given the scenario of environmental
damage caused by human activities, the 'cleaner' mode of production and the recent environmentfriendly
technology alternatives should be developed. This will require a reduction in raw materials and energy
inputs, in effectinformation technology for processes and products, discovering biotechnology alternatives
for physical and chemical processes anddesigning products that offer less environmental damage or
greater opportunities for recycling, etc. The solution lies in maintaining vigilance in monitoring
environmental impacts in the long term, as well as sustainableefforts in developing and implementing clean
production methods.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantage and Disadvantage
- Journal 2
Advantage
1. Journal 2, discusses the impact of human civilization on the
environment.
2. Journal 2 also describes the negative impacts of humans on the
environment, both nationally and internationally.
3. In journal 2, the ISSN is listed so that it is easy for readers to access it.

Disadvantage
4. In journal 2, there is no mention of the method of the research.
5. The positive impact is not explained in detail like the negative impact of
human civilization.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantage and Disadvantage
- Journal 1
Advantage
1. Journal 1 provides information on the relationship between culture and
civilization.
2. Journal 1 is equipped with ISSN so that readers can easily access it.
3. In journal 1, a research was conducted to find out the relationship
between culture and civilization with analytical methods.
4. In journal 1, most of the information provided is the opinion of experts.
Disadvantage
5. In journal 1, not many examples are given of the relationship between
culture and civilization.
04
Closing
After reviewing the second journal, we can conclude that the second journal
explains the same thing about humans and civilization. The difference lies
in the focus of the discussion of the two journals. The first journal said
that the concepts of "civilization" and "culture" were the most complex and
controversial concepts in the humanities. The second journal says that
human civilization has stimulated human activities, and human activities
have caused great environmental damage.
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