AC Voltage Controller

Single Phase AC Controller with Resistive Load

Basic Operation • S1 conducts if a gate signal is applied

during the positive half-cycle of the
source until the current reaches zero.

• A gate signal is applied to S2 during the

negative half-cycle of the source,
providing a path for negative load
current.

• If the gate signal for S2 is half period

later than S1, analysis for the negative
half-cycle is identical with the positive
half, except for algebraic sign for the
voltage & current.
Single Phase AC Controller with Resistive Load

Basic Operation :
Circuit & Waveforms
 Vs

Vo

Io

Vsw
Recap: SCR in Controlled Half Wave
Rectifier
• 2
  conditions that SCR can conduct:
- The SCR must be forward biased
- A current must be applied to the gate of the SCR

• Unlike diode, the SCR will not begin to conduct as soon

as the source becomes +ve. Conduction delayed until a
gate current is applied basis of SCR as a means
control.

• Once the SCR is conducting, the gate can be removed &

the SCR remains until the current goes to zero.
Single Phase AC Controller with Resistive Load
• source voltage
𝑉
 
𝑆 ( ω 𝑡 ) =𝑉 𝑚 sin ω 𝑡

• Output voltage

• The RMS load voltage is determined by taking advantage

of positive & negative symmetry of the voltage form

 sin  2 

1 Vm
 Vm sin  t   d  t  
2
Vo, rms 
  2
1 
 2
Single Phase AC Controller with Resistive Load
•  Output voltage vs delay angle

* Note that for α = 0, the

load voltage is a sinusoid
that has the same rms
value as the source.

• Normalized output voltage =