Linear dc-dc Converters

 Linear Mode dc-dc converter

Switch Mode dc-dc
Converters
Switching Regulator

 Power loss is zero

(for ideal switch):
 when switch is
open, no current
flow in it,
 when switch is
closed no voltage
drop across it.
 Since power is a
product of voltage
and current, no
losses occurs in the
switch.
 Power is 100%
transferred from
source to load.
 Switching regulator
is the basis of all
DC-DC converters
Switch Mode D.C to D.C
Converters
 A Chopper is a high speed on/off
semiconductor switch.
 It connects source to load and disconnects
source from load at very high speed.
 In this manner a chopped dc voltage is
obtained from a constant dc supply Vs is
obtained.
Switch Mode D.C to D.C
Converters
 During the period Ton, the chopper is on and
load voltage Vo is equal to source voltage
Vs.

 During the period Toff, the chopper is off and

load current io flows through the
freewheeling diode.
 Switch Mode D.C to D.C
Converters
 The load voltage is given by
𝑇 𝑜𝑛
𝑉 𝑜= 𝑉𝑠
  𝑇 𝑜𝑛 +𝑇 𝑜𝑓𝑓

𝑇 𝑜𝑛
𝑉 𝑜= 𝑉𝑠
𝑇
 
𝑉 𝑜 =𝐷 𝑉 𝑠
𝑇 𝑜𝑛
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒 , 𝐷= 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑐h𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑢𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑇
 

  𝑉 𝑜 =𝑓 𝑇 𝑜𝑛 𝑉 𝑠

 Thus the load voltage can be varied by

varying the switching duty ratio D.
 
 Control of D.C to D.C Converters
7

 Average value of output voltage Vo can be

controlled by opening and closing the
semiconductor switch periodically.

 The control strategies for varying duty ratio

D are

1. Constant frequency system

2. Variable frequency system