POWER ELECTRONICS

DC-DC CONVERTERS
(CHOPPERS)
PART 1
 Content

 Content
 Introduction
 Buck Converter (Step down)

 Boost Converter (Step Up)

 Buck-Boost Converter

 Questions/Discussions
 (provided in separate sheet)

SOURCES: “Power Electronics”, Daniel W. Hart, Mc-Graw Hill,

“Power Electronics & Drives”, Lecture Notes, Dr. Zainal Salam,
UTM
DC-DC CONVERTER
(CHOPPERS)

 DEFINITION:
Converting the unregulated DC input
to a controlled DC output with a
desired voltage level.
 General block diagram:

 APPLICATIONS:
Switched-mode power supply
(SMPS), DC motor control, battery
chargers
Linear Regulator

 Transistor is
operated in linear
(active) mode.
 Output voltage:

VO = ILRL

 The transistor can

be conveniently
modeled by an
equivalent variable
resistor, as shown.
 Power loss is high
at high current due
to:
 Powering the information
Technology
5

• Most of the consumer electronics equipment

supplied from the mains, internally needed very
load dc voltages.
 Figure shows the
distributed architecture
typically used in
computers.

 In which incoming voltage

from the utility is converted
into dc voltage (24V).

 This semi regulated voltage

is distributed within the
computer where on-board
power supplies convert this
24V into tightly regulated
lower voltage.
 Simple dc-dc Converters
 Let us now construct a simple dc-dc
converter. The input voltage vg is 100
V. It is desired to supply 50 V to an
effective 5Ω load, such that the dc
load current is 10 A.
 Resistive dc-dc
Converters
 Using Voltage divided rule.