Buck Converter

 Switch open, diode on

di L
v L   Vo  L
dt
i L i L Vo
 
t  1  D  T L

 Vo 
 i L  open     1 D T
 L 
Buck Converter

 Steady-state Operation
 Steady-state operation requires that iL at
the end of switching cycle is the same
at the beginning of next cycle.
 The change of iL over one period is
zero, i.e:

 i L  closed   i L  open  0

 Vs  Vo   Vo 
 L  DT   L   1  D  T  0
   

Vo  Vs D
 Buck Converter

 Average, Max & Min Inductor Current

i L Vo 1  Vo   1  1  D 
I max  IL      1  D  T   Vo   
2 R 2 L   R 2Lf 

i L Vo 1  Vo   1  1  D 
I min  IL      1  D  T   Vo   
2 R 2 L   R 2Lf 
Vo  1  D 
L
i L f
Buck Converter

iC  iL  iR
Buck Converter

 Output Voltage Ripple

1  T   i L  Ti L
Q     
2  2  2  8

Q  CVo

Q  CVo

Q
Vo 
C

Vo  1  D 
Vo 
8LCf 2
Buck Converter (Design
1)

 Calculate D to obtain required output

voltage.
 Select a particular switching frequency:
 preferably >20KHz for negligible acoustic
noise
 higher fs results in smaller L, but higher device
losses. Thus lowering efficiency and larger
heat sink. Also C is reduced.
 Possible devices: MOSFET, IGBT and BJT.
Low power MOSFET can reach MHz range.
Buck Converter (Design
1)
