Thermodynamic processes can be carried

out in one of two ways

Reversibly
irreversibly
Reversibility means the reaction operates
continuously at equilibrium

In a reversible process, there should be no heat loss due

to friction, radiation or conduction, etc. Then in
reversible cycles, the initial conditions are reached
again at the end of the cycle
An irreversible process can be described as a
thermodynamic process that departs from
equilibrium

irreversible increases the entropy of the universe