Arman Singh Yadav

What is a Confined Space?

A space that:
 Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily
and perform work;
 Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
 Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
Confined Space
A “confined space” is any work area which is not intended for
continuous worker occupancy, and has, by design, structure,
location, limited or restricted entry and/or exit and may contain or
produce dangerous accumulations of hazardous gases, vapors,
mists, dusts, fumes or biological agents and enrichment of, or lack of,
oxygen in the confined space.
एक "सीमित स्थान" कोई भी कार्य क्षेत्र है जो निरंतर कार्यकर्ता अधिभोग के लिए अभिप्रेत नहीं है, और
इसमें डिज़ाइन, संरचना, स्थान, सीमित या प्रतिबंधित प्रवेश और/या निकास है और इसमें खतरनाक
गैसों, वाष्पों, मिस्टों,धूल,धुएं या जैविक एजेंट का खतरनाक संचय हो सकता है या सीमित स्थान में
ऑक्सीजन की कमी हो सकती है ।
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 Examples of Confined Spaces:
Tanks Vaults
Manholes Pipes
Boilers Trenches
Furnaces Tunnels
Sewers Ducts
Silos Bins
Hoppers Pits

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 Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces
Hazards
Anything, by its nature that will or may, endangers the safety or health of a worker. Hazards may include;
•Toxic vapors, mists, or dusts from welding, cleaning, or powder coating.
•Explosive atmospheres.
•Lack of Oxygen, causing asphyxiation.
•Electrical shock from powered tools or lights.
•Physical hazards such as slipping or falling.
•Entering a confined space without testing the atmosphere.
•Leaking cutting/welding hoses inside the confined space.
•Improper use, or not using, Personnel Protective Equipment.
•Temperature extremes.
•Insufficient rescue equipment or procedures.
•Not following confined space entry procedures.
कु छ भी, जो अपने स्वभाव से, किसी कर्मचारी की सुरक्षा या स्वास्थ्य को खतरे में डाल सकता है या खतरों में शामिल कर सकता हैं;
•वेल्डिंग,सफाई,या पाउडर कोटिंग से निकलने वाले जहरीले वाष्प,धुंध या धूल।
•विस्फोटक वातावरण।
•ऑक्सीजन की कमी, जिससे श्वासावरोध होता है।
•बिजली का झटका बिजली से संचालित उपकरणों या रोशनी उपकरणों से ।
•शारीरिक खतरे जैसे फिसलना या गिरना।
•वातावरण का परीक्षण किए बिना एक सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करना।
•सीमित स्थान के अंदर कटिंग/वेल्डिंग होसेस का लीक ।
•निजी सुरक्षा उपकरणों का अनुचित उपयोग,या उपयोग नहीं करना।
•चरम तापमान ।
•अपर्याप्त बचाव उपकरण या प्रक्रियाएं।
•सीमित स्थान प्रवेश प्रक्रियाओं का पालन नहीं करना।

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 Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces

 Oxygen Deficiency  Toxic Materials

 <19.5% or >23.5% oxygen  Carbon Monoxide
concentration  Hydrogen Sulfide
 Combustibles  Welding fumes
 Methane  Corrosives
 Hydrogen  Electricity
 Acetylene  Mechanical Hazards
 Propane  Mixers
 Gasoline fumes  Crushers

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 ENTRANT
The employee who will physically enter
the confined space to perform the work.

ATTENDANT
The employee who remains outside the
confined space and monitors the
entrant(s); guards the space against
unauthorized entry; warns the entrants of
any unusual conditions; and summons the
rescue personnel if needed.

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 Entry Supervisor
The employee responsible for coordinating
the entry into the confined space. This
must be a team leader or foreman.

Responsible Person
The person directly responsible for the work
being performed in the confined space. This
can be the Team Leader, Foreman,
journeyman, or other person qualified by
training and experience.
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 Permit-Required Confined Space

A Permit-Required Contains or has the potential to

Confined Space is contain a hazardous atmosphere;
confined space that Contains a material that has the
has one or more of potential for engulfing an
the following entrant;
characteristics: Has an internal configuration
such that an entrant could
become trapped or asphyxiated;
or
Contains any other serious safety
or health hazard.
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 Permit-Required Confined Space Entry
Procedure

Isolate the space

Ventilate the space
Conduct Tailboard
Complete permit
Test the atmosphere
Enter the space

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Isolate the Space from all hazards

Close Valves
Double block & bleed, or
Blank flange
Empty the Space
Depressurize, vent & drain
Lockout/Tagout Equipment
Electrical sources
Rotating/reciprocating parts
Hazardous materials
Clean residue from the space

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Ventilate the Space
Use mechanical ventilation
Fans
Air horns
Ventilate at the rate of at least
four (4) volumes per hour
Larger spaces require more ventilation
Make sure air supply is not
contaminated
Ventilation air supply must be from
fresh air uncontaminated with
flammables, toxins, etc.

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Conduct a Tailboard Briefing
Entire crew must attend
Attendants, entrants, entry supervisor
Review hazards of entry and work
Review PPE
Review procedure for contacting rescue
verify rescue available
Complete permit

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Complete Entry Permit Form
Permit must be correctly and
completely filled out prior to entry.
Permit must be activated by Entry
Supervisor’s signature to be valid.
No entry is allowed without a valid
permit.
Permits are valid for up to 12 hours.
When work is completed, permit and
tailboard form should be returned to
safety.
Cancelled permits must be kept on file
for at least one year.

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Test the Atmosphere
In this order:
Check for Oxygen Content:
At least 19.5% and less than 23.5%
Check for Combustibles:
Less than 10% of the LEL
Check for Toxic Gasses:
Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL <35 ppm)
or any other hazardous materials as determined by
the use of the space.

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Atmosphere Testing Shall Be Performed:

Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;

After a 10 minute ventilation period (if
ventilation is necessary);
At least hourly for permit-required confined
spaces.
More frequently, if conditions or suspicions
warrant.

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Enter the Space and Proceed with work:

An attendant shall be posted near the

entrance for the duration of the work. He
shall be in constant communication with the
entrants while the job is in progress.
All entrants shall sign the sign in log when
entering the space and sign out when
exiting.
The attendant shall maintain the permit
and sign in log for the duration of the work.

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 Isolate the Space from all hazards

Close Valves
Double block & bleed, or
Blank flange
Empty the Space
Depressurize, vent & drain
Lockout/Tagout Equipment
Electrical sources
Rotating/reciprocating parts
Hazardous materials
Clean residue from the space
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 Ventilate the Space
Use mechanical ventilation
Fans
Air horns
Ventilate at the rate of at least four (4)
volumes per hour
Larger spaces require more ventilation
Make sure air supply is not contaminated
Ventilation air supply must be from fresh air
uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.

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 Evaluate the Space
Determine that the space meets all the conditions
set forth in the non-permit justifications
Conduct atmospheric testing
Evaluation must be certified by Entry Supervisor’s
signature
Determine that the confined space does not:
 contain or have the potential to contain a hazardous
atmosphere
 Continuous mechanical ventilation not acceptable as good
atmosphere
 contain a material with the potential for engulfment
 Has an internal configuration which could trap or
asphyxiate, or
 contain any recognized serious safety or health hazard
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Contractor Confined Space Entry
Contractors must be informed of the hazards
within the space
Contractors must follow their own established
confined space entry procedure and use their own
permit forms
Contractors must supply their own attendants
One attendant is acceptable for multiple
companies’ entrants
Contractors must supply their own air monitors
Contractors must review entry after completion of
job
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 Responsibilities-Supervisor
•The supervisor in charge of the area for which the confined space entry will occur, is
responsible to ensure that all preparations are in place for the safe entry of any worker.
•Ensure workers involved in the confined space are trained in the conditions of entry and the
nature of any hazards they may be exposed to.
•Ensure the appropriate PPE is available and in good working conditions.
•Ensure rescue procedures, equipment and trained rescue personnel are in place.
•Ensure a Confined Space “Safe Entry Tag” is completed.
•Assign a safety watch person on the outside of the tank.
•Periodically check the confined space entry jobs to ensure all Health & Safety procedures are
being followed.
•To immediately shut down any unsafe confined space entry job.
•जिस क्षेत्र के लिए सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश होगा, उसके प्रभारी पर्यवेक्षक यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं कि किसी भी कार्यकर्ता के सुरक्षित
प्रवेश के लिए सभी तैयारियां हैं।
•सुनिश्चित करें कि सीमित स्थान में शामिल श्रमिकों को प्रवेश की स्थितियों और उनके सामने आने वाले किसी भी खतरे की प्रकृ ति में प्रशिक्षित
किया गया है।
•सुनिश्चित करें कि उपयुक्त पीपीई उपलब्ध है और ठीक परिस्थिति में है।
•सुनिश्चित करें कि बचाव प्रक्रियाएं, उपकरण और प्रशिक्षित बचावकर्मी मौजूद हैं।
•सुनिश्चित करें कि एक सीमित स्थान "सुरक्षित प्रवेश टैग" पूरा हो गया है।
•टैंक के बाहर एक सुरक्षा पहरेदार को नियुक् ‍त करें।
•सभी स्वास्थ्य और सुरक्षा प्रक्रियाओं का पालन किया जा रहा है यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए समय-समय पर सीमित स्थान प्रवेश नौकरियों की जांच
करें।
•किसी भी असुरक्षित सीमित स्थान प्रवेश कार्य को तत्काल बंद करना।

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 Responsibilities-Worker /other
Personnel
The worker prior to entering the confined space will ensure that all necessary
precautions and procedures are in place to their satisfaction and then sign the
Confined Space “Safe Entry Tag”.
Will wear all Personal Protective Equipment assigned to them, to ensure their
safety and health according to the hazards of the confined space job.
Will inspect and use equipment and tools required to do the jobs inside the
confined space, according to safe work practices and procedures.
Will monitor conditions inside the confined space and if conditions should
change inside that are not accounted for on the “Safe Entry Tag” they will
discontinue the work and exit the confined space until the new hazards have been
addressed.
सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करने से पहले कार्यकर्ता यह सुनिश्चित करेगा कि सभी आवश्यक सावधानियां और प्रक्रियाएं उनकी संतुष्टि
के लिए हैं और फिर सीमित स्थान "सुरक्षित प्रवेश टैग" पर हस्ताक्षर करें।
सीमित स्थान की नौकरी के खतरों के अनुसार उनकी सुरक्षा और स्वास्थ्य सुनिश्चित करने के लिए, उन्हें सौंपे गए सभी
व्यक्तिगत सुरक्षा उपकरण पहनें।
सुरक्षित कार्य पद्धतियों और प्रक्रियाओं के अनुसार सीमित स्थान के अंदर काम करने के लिए आवश्यक उपकरणों और उपकरणों
का निरीक्षण और उपयोग करेंगे।
सीमित स्थान के अंदर "सुरक्षित प्रवेश टैग" की स्थितियों के अनुसार निगरानी करेंगे और यदि अंदर की स्थितियों में परिवर्तन पर
ध्यान नहीं दिया जाता है, तो वे काम बंद कर देंगे और नए खतरों को संबोधित किए जाने तक सीमित स्थान से बाहर निकल
जाएंगे।

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 Responsibilities-Safety Watch

The qualified Safety Watch will ensure that all conditions on the “Safe Entry
Tag” are complied with, prior to allowing anyone into the confined space.
Ensure all of the names of workers who will enter the confined space are on the
“Safe Entry Tag”.
Will establish the communication system to be used with those workers who will
enter the confined space.
Will know the location of the Confined Space Entry Rescue equipment.
Will sound the emergency alarm should workers inside the tank need to be
rescued?
Safety Watch personnel will never enter the confined space for any reason.
क्वालिफाइड सेफ्टी वॉच यह सुनिश्चित करेगी कि किसी को भी सीमित स्थान में जाने की अनुमति देने से पहले "सेफ एंट्री
टैग" की सभी शर्तों का पालन किया जाए।
सुनिश्चित करें कि सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करने वाले श्रमिकों के सभी नाम "सुरक्षित प्रवेश टैग" पर हैं।
सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करने वाले श्रमिकों के साथ उपयोग की जाने वाली संचार प्रणाली स्थापित करेंगे।
सीमित स्थान प्रवेश बचाव उपकरण का स्थान पता करेंगे।
क्या टैंक के अंदर काम करने वालों को बचाने के लिए आपातकालीन अलार्म बजना चाहिए?
सेफ्टी वॉच कर्मी किसी भी कारण से सीमित स्थान में कभी प्रवेश नहीं करेंगे।

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 Responsibilities- Rescue Personal

Only workers properly trained and equipped for confined space rescue shall
attempt a rescue by entering a confined space.
A gas test of the confined space atmosphere must be done prior to any rescue
personnel entering a confined space.
When workers in a confined space are wearing a safety harness and lanyard,
Rescue Personnel can work from the outside, without having to enter the confined
space.
Rescue Personnel must be physically capable of carrying out a rescue, and must
be trained in First Aid/CPR.
Facility must be available at the worksite to emergency response organizations
i.e.; Fire Department, Ambulance.
सीमित स्थान बचाव के लिए उचित रूप से प्रशिक्षित और सुसज्जित कर्मचारी ही सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करके बचाव का प्रयास
करेंगे।
सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश करने वाले किसी भी बचाव कर्मियों के प्रवेश से पहले सीमित स्थान के वातावरण का गैस परीक्षण किया
जाना चाहिए।
जब एक सीमित स्थान में कामगार सुरक्षा हार्नेस और डोरी पहने होते हैं, तो बचाव कर्मी सीमित स्थान में प्रवेश किए बिना,
बाहर से काम कर सकते हैं।
बचाव कर्मियों को बचाव कार्य करने के लिए शारीरिक रूप से सक्षम होना चाहिए, और प्राथमिक चिकित्सा/सीपीआर में प्रशिक्षित
होना चाहिए।
संगठनों के लिए कार्यस्थल पर आपातकालीन संचार सुविधा-अग्निशमन विभाग, एम्बुलेंस उपलब्ध होना चाहिए।

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 When the Job is Done:

Remove all personnel, tools, and debris from

the space. Sign off the log.
Close the space.
Cancel the permit.
Review the job with the host employer
(hazards, problems, other employers, etc.)

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