UNIT-II

IMAGE ENHANCEMENT(PART 1)
Introduction

 The principle objective of Image Enhancement is to process

an image to enhance certain features so that the result is more
suitable than the original image for specific application. It is
problem oriented.
 Image Enhancement approaches fall into 2 broad categories
1. Spatial Domain - refers to image plane itself & approaches
are based on direct manipulation of pixels in an image
2. Frequency Domain - refers to modifying Fourier Transform
of an image
 Spatial Domain Techniques

Spatial Domain Techniques can have different forms:

 Point processing
 Histogram based techniques
 Mask Processing
Background:
Defining transformation function which will transform an image pixel from the
original image to a pixel in the enhanced or processed image
g(x,y) = T [f(x,y)]
where, f(x,y) is the input image
g(x,y) is the processed image
T Is an operator on f, defined over some neighborhood of (x,y)
Neighborhood
 Neighborhood size can be 5 x 5,7 x 7 etc..
 Enhancement at any point in an image depends only on the gray
level at that point, techniques in this category are known as Point
Processing
 In point processing the neighborhood size is 1 x 1
S=T[r]
Where, r is the pixel value in original image
S is the pixel value in corresponding location in the processed
image.