INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

NIRMA UNIVERSITY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 EVOPORATORS
Name :- Prajapati Krishi Rajubhai
Roll No. :- 20BCH051
 What is an Evaporators ?

 In an evaporator, a substance is vaporized into its gaseous

form from its liquid form, such as water. The liquid is
converted into a gaseous form of the targeted substance in the
process.
 Types of Evaporators?

 Falling Film Evaporators

 Nucleate Boiling Evaporators
 Flash Evaporators
 Direct Contact Evaporators
 Climbing Film Evaporators
 Short-tube Vertical Evaporators
 Basket Type Evaporators
 Flash Evaporators
 In this, The liquid is initially heated at pressure and then flashed into a vessel at
lower pressure through a restriction, forming a vapor in the process of restoring
the liquid to its saturation temperature. The most common example of flash
evaporation is in seawater desalination plants, which evaporate salt water in stages
at different temperatures to produce distilled water.
Application

 It can be used as a simplest Separation equipment

used in Chemical Industry.
 It is also used for a Partial or total Component
Separation.
Advantage and Disadvantage
Advantage Disadvantage
 It operates at low  Uncontrolled flash
temperature and the evaporation can result
temperature does not in a boiling liquid
go above 170°F. expanding vapor
explosion.
 Falling Film Evaporators

 The process of falling film evaporation is visualized schematically in which a

liquid film falls down a channel wall and evaporates. The vapor is either flowing
concurrently with the film or countercurrently to it.
 Working of Evaporators.

 In the evaporator, a solution containing the desired product flows across a heat
source, converting the water in the solution into vapor.
 The vapor is separated from the rest of the solution and condensed, while the now-
concentrated solution is fed into a second evaporator or removed.
 As a machine, an evaporator generally consists of four sections. The heating
medium is located in the heating section.
 Typical media are parallel tubes, but other types have plates or coils made from
copper or aluminum.
 Application of Evaporators.
 There is a type of evaporator that uses a radiator coil for circulating liquid coolant
in a closed system. In a refrigeration system, a compressed cooling chemical, such
as R-22 (Freon) or R-410A, is vaporized from liquid to gas as it is absorbed from
the enclosed cooled space, such as in the case of a refrigerator or air conditioner.
 Condenser radiator coils exchange the heat from the coolant into the ambient
environment in closed air conditioning or refrigeration systems.
 Separating liquid chemicals and salvaging solvents can be done with an
evaporator or evaporative process.

 The recovery of sodium hydroxide from kraft pulp is another example of

evaporation.
 Advantage of Evaporators:-
 Due to the material in the heat exchange tube being in the film state and flowing
at a fast rate, the heat transfer coefficient is relatively large.
 As the pipe material flows downward along the inner wall of the pipe due to
gravity, a low temperature difference can be selected.
 Disadvantages of Evaporators:-

 The inner wall of the heat exchange tube of the equipment must be entirely wet,
but the membrane must not be too thick. To meet these requirements, a very
precise design calculation of the material feed amount and the length of the heat
exchange tube is required.
 Due to the high design and manufacturing requirements, the cost of purchasing
equipment is extremely expensive.