Nervous System

I. Central nervous
system (CNS). It is
subdivided into:
A. Brain
- It occupies the
cranial cavity.
- It is formed of
two cerebral
hemispheres, brain
stem, and cerebellum.
B. Spinal cord
- It occupies the
upper 2/3 of the
vertebral canal.
II. Peripheral nervous system (PNS). It
is subdivided into:
A. Somatic nervous system which is
composed of:
- Cranial nerves (12 pairs).
- Spinal nerves (31 pairs).
B. Autonomic (splanchnic) nervous
system which is composed of:
- Sympathetic nervous system.
- Parasympathetic nervous system.
 I. Central Nervous System
A: Brain
:Site
It lies inside the skull -
.(cranial cavity)
:Coverings
The brain is covered by -
the following three
meninges: Dura,
arachnoid, and pia
.maters
Parts:
- The brain is formed of:
Two cerebral
hemispheres,
cerebellum, and brain
stem.
1. Cerebral hemispheres
Parts:
- It is formed of two cerebral hemispheres connected to
each other in the midline.
- Each hemisphere is formed of four lobes:
1. Frontal lobe (motor function)
2. Parietal lobe (sensory function)
3. Temporal lobe (hearing, smell, taste)
4. Occipital lobe (vision)
Cerebellum .2
It lies below the posterior part of the cerebral -
.hemispheres
:Functions
.Regulation of muscle tone .1
.Regulation of equilibrium .2
.Coordination of movements .3
3. Brain Stem
- It lies in the base of
the brain, and is
continuous
downwards with the
spinal cord.
Parts: It is formed of
midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata.
Function:
- It contains the
following centers:
1. Respiratory center.
2. Cardiovascular
center.
3. Nuclei of cranial
nerves.
Site:
B. Spinal Cord
- It lies inside the central
canal of the vertebral
column.
Beginning:
- It begins at the lower end
of the medulla oblongata
(at the foramen
magnum).
Termination:
- It terminates at the
second lumbar vertebra.
Function:
- It gives the peripheral and
autonomic nerves. It is
also responsible for the
reflex arc.
II. Peripheral Nervous System
A: spinal nerves (31 pair of
nerves):
- Cervical nerves (8 pair): They
supply the neck and upper limb.
- Thoracic nerves (12 pair): They
supply the thorax and abdomen.
- Lumbar nerves (5 pair): They
supply the abdomen and lower
limb.
- Sacral nerves (5 pair): They
supply the pelvis and lower limb.
- Coccygeal nerve (1 pair): It
supplies small part of the pelvis.

B: Cranial nerves (12 pairs):

- They supply the head and neck
C: Autonomic nerves:
A- sympathetic
B- parasympathetic