UNIT 5: Performance and

technical specifications
 CLAUSES OF REASON

S + V + O + BECAUSE / SINCE / AS + S + V + O
Main clause Subordinate clause

S + V + O + BECAUSE OF + (Poss Adj / Art) + (Adj) + N / V-ing

Main clause Phrase
 CLAUSES OF REASON

Notes:
* Clauses of reason: Why questions

* Because: focus on reason; new,

important information

* As / since: at beginning of sentence;

already known reason
 CLAUSES OF REASON

Notes:
* For: middle of sentence / after comma
/ dash; new information

* Now that (present & future situation),

As long as, Inasmuch as (formal) =
because

* Owing to, due to = Because of

 CLAUSES OF REASON

Examples:
They didn’t agree a delivery date
because / for / now that / as long as /
inasmuch as they faced the strike.

=> They didn’t agree a delivery date

because of the strike. [Article + N]
 CLAUSES OF REASON

Examples:
The visibility is poor because the fog is
thick.

= As / Since the fog is thick, the visibility

is poor.

=> The visibility is poor because of

the thick fog. [Art + Adj + N]
 CLAUSES OF REASON

Examples:
We couldn’t visit the international car
show because he came late.

=> We couldn’t visit the international car

show because of / owing to / due to his
coming late. [Poss Adj + V-ing]

=> We couldn’t visit the international car

show because of / owing to / due to his
lateness. [Poss Adj + N]
 Rewrite the sentences, using Because or Because of:
1. We has stiffened the front suspension because we need
precise steering at high speeds.
2. Wood is used in interiors because of its warmth.
3. Aluminium is important for car makers because it is light.
4. Steel is used for load-bearing parts because of its rigidity.
5. Windscreens are made of a shatterproof glass because car
makers want to protect drivers in accidents.
 Rewrite the sentences, using Because or Because of:
6. Sheet metal is used for large car parts because it is
malleable and dent-resistant.
7. Ceramic is used in the catalytic converter because of the
high temperatures.
8. Ceramic is used in the catalytic converter because it is
heat-resistant.
9. Aluminium used for the outer parts of the car needs to be
thick because of its poor stiffness.
10. Aluminium is ideal for bumpers and other body parts
because it is corrosion-resistant.