EVOLUTION

OF TECHNOLOGY

By: Samuel Sanchez

What is technology?
The concept of "technology" encompasses all instruments created
by human beings that expand the scope of their interaction with
the world. However, the word did not always have that meaning -
the term "technology" is a combination of two Greek words,
technē ("art" or "craft") and logos ("word" or "speech"), which
mean "speech. about the arts ”. It first appeared in English in the
17th century with a similar meaning to Greek, and in the early
20th century it evolved to a broader concept that encompassed
processes, instruments, and machines. In the middle of the 20th
century, "technology" acquired the meaning that still prevails
today: the means or activities by which the human being seeks to
change or manipulate his environment.
The prehistory
It is the period of time that elapsed from the appearance of
the first human being to the invention of writing, more than
5,000 years ago.

The first prehistoric men were nomads who hunted and

gathered fruits. Their technological advances were geared
towards their survival.
Prehistory is divided into three stages; Paleolithic, Mesolithic
and Neolithic.

The first technological revolution occurred about 10,000

years ago, in the Neolithic, when human beings went from
being nomads to sedentary developing the first agricultural
techniques.
The Ancient Age (3 000 BC - 5th
century AD)
In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians invented cuneiform writing (around 3,000
BC) and in Egypt, Imhotep introduced natural stone into buildings.

At this time the city-states appeared in Greece and the territorial empires
(Rome).

The Greek contributions were more scientific and philosophical, while the
Romans were more dedicated to both civil and military engineering.

At the end of this period, technological development declined, historians

attribute it to slavery. Slaves are cheap labor, so it was not necessary to
produce innovations that facilitate manual and repetitive tasks.
The Middle Ages (5th century AD-
1492)
The Roman Empire of the West fell definitively in century V because of the barbarian
invasions. Thus much of the intellectual legacy of antiquity was lost.

In the East, the Arabs were the heirs of classical culture, which they were responsible for
reintroducing into Europe. In parallel, from 2,000 BC to the 15th century in China they
built a flourishing society that produced endless technological successes.

At the time, the alchemists San Alberto Magno, Ramón Llul, Roger Bacon and Yabir ibn
Hayyan (Geber), the doctors Avicenna and Averroes and the mathematician Al-Karayi stood
out.

In Europe from the eleventh century, there was an intellectual resurgence with the creation
of universities and cathedral schools.

At this time many inventions appeared. Three technological innovations stood out from the
rest: paper, printing, and gunpowder.
The Modern Age (1492 - 1789)

It is the period between the Discovery of America and the French Revolution.

In this period, the great geographical discoveries such as the discovery of America, the
Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation stood out.

With the growth of cities there was a change in the economic system: the feudal economy
gave way to the first signs of the capitalist system.

All this activity led to the need to seek new lands where the raw materials, necessary to
manufacture the products, were obtained. In addition, it meant the opening of new markets
where they could be sold.

At this time many inventions appeared. Three technological innovations stood out above the
others: the compass, cartography, and firearms.
The Industrial Revolution (1760 -
1840)
The first industrial revolution was born in England at the end of the 18th century with
the invention of the steam engine. For the first time, Humanity could carry out
agricultural or industrial tasks without the effort of people or animals.

This invention led to large-scale agriculture and the development of industries.

By improving the means of production, there was a massive migration from the
countryside to the cities, where the factories were, changing society as the working class
appears. The first workers were forced to work long hours with hardly any breaks and
vacations. This led to the emergence of labor movements that began to fight for workers'
rights.

At this time many inventions and technological innovations appeared, such as the
telephone, the light bulb, the iron and steel industry, the lightning rod, the telegraph, the
sewing machine and motor vehicles.
The 20th and 21st century until
today.
The 20th century saw an extraordinary technological development. The first
airplanes appeared, electricity reaches cities and factories, electronics was born that
led to the emergence of the first personal computers around 1980, nuclear
technology was born and developed, medicine experiences great advances that
prolonged the quality of life and the age of the human being, space technology was
born and developed that placed artificial satellites in orbit (1957), Man reaches the
Moon (1969) and interplanetary probes were launched, large fixed and mobile
telephone communication networks were developed, Internet appeared (1967) and
electronic mail (1971) and www.

At this time many inventions and technological innovations appeared, such as radio,
television, mobile phones, nuclear power plants, robots, CDs and DVDs, movies,
microprocessors, personal computers, household appliances.
THANKS
FOR YOU ATTENTION