Introduction to non

parametric statistics
Dian Sufyan
Parametric assumptions
• Randomly drawn from a normally distributed population
• Consist of value on an interval or ratio measurement scale
• Large data
• Normal distributed data
• Mention all the measurement scale
• Nominal – names, no order, can be dichotomous. E.g gender, political
views, religion
• Ordinal – has an order, however the distance between holds no
particular meaning. E.g likert scale, ordering people’s height by visual
judgement (not evenly ranged)
• Interval – same distance between two sequence. E.g temperature
• Ratio – has the Absolut zero or complete absence of a condition. E.g
BW, Height, Hb level
Then how if you don’t met the assumption?
• Clean the data  exclude outliers
• Transformation – square the data
• If that two didn’t work?
Non-parametric statistics
• Here are some of the reasons that make researcher use non
parametric statistics
• Type of data – nominal, ordinal
• data are not normally distributed
Non-parametric test
Step by step method of non-parametric test
• State null and research hypothesis (H0 and H1 or Ha)
• H0 : no difference, no association, status quo
• H1 : predict that there is difference or relationship, can be directional (one-tailed) or
unidirectional (two-tailed)
• Set the level of significance
• α = 0,05, Confidence interval 95%
• Important to avoid type I error (convicted an innocent) and type II error (release a villain)
• Choose appropriate test statistics
• Based on number of sample group and measurement scale
• Compute the test statistic (manual/spss)  obtained value
• Determine rejection value – critical value table
Step by step method of non-parametric test
(cont)
• Compare obtained value and critical value
• Interpret the result
• Do you reject or retain H0?
• Reporting the result
• There is association? There are no difference?
Ranking data
• Suppose, I want to rank a mid-term score from Biostatistics class, and
I divide it between those who used to come late and no.
Students who are not late Students who are late
87 93
96 83
92 79
84 73

• To rank all the value, order it from smallest to largest, the first value
receive rank 1
Rank a data
Score Rank
73 1
79 2
83 3
84 4
87 5
92 6
93 7
96 8
• It seems straightforward, however, in reality, some values may be
repeated. The repeated value called as ties, or tied value
Students who are not late Students who are late
90 75
85 80
95 55
70 90
• Give all the tied values the average of their rank
Score Rank
55 1
70 2
75 3
80 4
85 5
90 6.5
90 6.5
95 8
Conclusion

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKUY_ZC18s4
Quiz
• Rank the quiz score below
Participant Score Rank
1 100
2 60
3 70
4 90
5 80
6 100
7 80
8 20
9 100
10 50
Thank u