Instrumentation

Function In
Oil And Gas
Industry

Name : DENI ARISTONI

Class : INSTRUMENTASI 2A
Hello everyone, today I want to explain the function of instrumentation in the industrial world,
which we know that every industry must have an instrumentation system so that the industry can
run according to the wishes of the operator. In the petroleum industry where almost all processing
processes are carried out through closed lines so that the object or material being processed
cannot be seen or measured directly. The ability of the human senses to make observations is very
limited because it has a weakness in observing and measuring a situation through the five senses.
Therefore we need an equipment mechanism called Instrumentation. Instrumentation equipment
can perform the function of measuring, controlling, securing and analyzing process variables such
as temperature, pressure, amount of flow (flow), liquid level (Level), and so on. With this
instrumentation equipment, it is expected to obtain quality, effective and efficient production
results.

before entering into a deeper discussion, I will convey the contents of my video percentage
 CONTENTs

01 what is meant by instrumentation and instrument?

02 What are the variable processes in the oil and gas industry?

03 Purpose of Application of Instraumentation

functions of instrumentation in oil and gas industry
04
 Definition of Instrumentation Science and Instrument
 Instrument
According to the definition of (the International Society of Automation) ISA-5.1, the word Instrument has a very
broad meaning. Usually has the meaning "a device or tool that is useful for performing a task".
Instruments can be tools that perform tasks in the fields of medicine, astronomy, agriculture, navigation, and industrial
processes, and others.

 Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a set of instruments used to control, manipulate, measure, show, or calculate the value of a
quantity variable that can exist in an industrial process.
Instrumentation can be a simple single instrument such as a thermometer or pressure gauge or it can be a group of
instruments including an orifice, transmitter, controller, transducer (eg an I/P transducer that converts a current signal into
a pressure signal), and valves, all of which are used to control variables. a single flow of water in a pipe.
Instrumentation is also described as "the art and science of measurement and control“
or in other words, instrumentation is the art and science of applying measuring instruments and control systems to an
object for the purpose of controlling the amount of the process so that it is within the limits of a certain area or at the
desired value (setpoint).
 Variable Processes
In the oil and gas industry, the process quantities
that are usually controlled in the field of
instrumentation include; Pressure, liquid level,
flow velocity, and temperature

01 PRESSURE 02 FLOW

03 LEVEL 04 TEMPERATUR

However, not only the 4 (four) process quantities above are found in the oil and gas
industry. Several other process quantities are quite important and sometimes need to be
measured and controlled because they are related to specific process requirements. The
quantities referred to include, among others; acid concentration (pH), humidity,
conductivity, density or specific gravity, and Calorimetry or calorimetry (BTU Content).
 Purpose of Application of Instraumentation

The application of instrumentation and control systems in the process

industry is related to economics, such as;

 Better product quality in less time,

 Lower production costs through savings in raw materials and
fuel increased efficiency of machine and labor time and
reduction of off-spec production,
 Improved safety of workers and equipment, and
 Reduction of environmental pollution from process waste
Now I will talk about the basic functions of instrumentation equipment in industry, namely

functions of instrumentation in oil and gas industry

Measurment
Control Tool
Tool

Instrumentation

Analyzer Tool Safety Tool

First, let me explain the function of instrumentation as a measuring tool
Instrument as a measuring tool
For example, an operator using a flow meter can determine the
material balance of a process so as to calculate the resulting
profit. As a measuring tool that is functioning to
The meaning of the word measurement is simply comparing know/monitor the way an operating condition through
something that has been set as a standard with something that
is not yet known to get a quantitative amount of something measurement the magnitude of the process variable
being measured. There are many ways to present the value of that is being measured.
the measured variable. The value can be presented in digital
form, the pointer on a calibrated fixed scale, the water column
on the manometer, the movement of the float, the movement of
the tape, and so on. Indicators are widely used to present the  the form of presentation of the measured variable value
value of the measured variable in a segmental or circular form, 1. Digital
and the scale can be linear or non-linear.. 2. the pointer on a calibrated fixed scale
3. he water column on the manometer
So, the measurement process is influenced by 4. the movement of the float
5. the movement of the tape

 things that affect the measurement process

1. Standards used
2. Procedures or ways to get comparison results or can also be called
measurement methods
3. The tools used to get the results of comparisons are usually called measuring
instruments.
 measurement elements

The PSE receives energy from the medium being

measured and produces an output whose magnitude
depends on the quantity being measured.
VCE converts / converts the PSE output into physical
variables, such as voltage, displacement
The VME manipulates the physical variable signal to
produce the desired instrument signal.
DTE sends (transmit) data from one element to
another.
DPE shows the measurement results of a pointer
moving along the measuring scale
 Now I want to turn to the function of instrumentation as a control tool
instrument as a control tool
1. Automatic control system/Close Loop
2. Manual cintrol system/Open Loop
Difference Between Open Loop Control and
Closed
Open Loop
1. The output does not affect the
action of the control system
2. The value of the desired process
variable is difficult to maintain
3. Manually controlled (by humans)
4. The value of the error (error) or
accuracy of the system depends
on the initial calibration carried out
by the operator
control or control systems are generally divided into 2, namely
automatic control systems and manual control systems. Automation is
necessary for smooth operation, safety, economy and product quality.
To establish automation, a process control system is needed. The
parameters that are usually controlled are pressure, flow, temperature
and level. While manual control is usually used in processes that do not
experience changes in load or in critical processes. This manual control
is usually operated directly by humans, this manual system can accept
fault tolerances that may occur in manual controls and the system has
little risk. Manual control is cheaper than automatic control.
Close Loop
1. Outputs become inputs back to
the process and can affect the
control system
2. Variable process values can be
preserved
3. Controlled automatically
4. The value of error (error) or
accuracy is read automatically
by the controller and can be
reduced automatically
 Terms on Control System
Process
1. Set Point (SP): Desired value of a process variable.
2. Process: The current process takes place, for example, the process Boiler temperature
 Set Point (SP) control.
 Proses 3. Process Variable: The magnitude of the process value can be set. Process example variables
 Proses Variabel are pressure, temperature, level, flow, etc.
4. Error: The difference between the value of the variable real controlled by set point.
 Error 5. Sensor: Element or device that feel for the first time the magnitude of the process to be
 Sensor measured. For example:termokopel, bellows, orifice, dll.
 Transmitter 6. Transmitter : Device that works converting process quantities into signals standard 4-20 mA.
7. Manipulated Variable: This variable used to correct the process the variable returns to the set
 Manipulated Variabel point value or desired value. In many ways MV or manipulated variable in flow form.
 Disturbance 8. Disturbance: The process may be subject to disturbance or disturbance or occurs upsets; in
 Indikator other words maybe not no control system. Disturbance in process can be a change in
 flowrate, variations in temperature or pressure, or other factors.
Kontroler
9. Indicators: Devices that function to shows the measurement value of moderate process size
 Final Control Element take place. Example: pressure gauges.
10. Controller: A functioning device reading, counting, and correcting error value and send
command signal (pneumatic 3-15 psig) to control valves.
11. Final Control Element : This is components in the control system which sets the value of the
manipulated variable.
Next, let me talk about the function of the instrument as a safety device.

Instrumen as a Safety Tool

That is to secure the amount of Process Variable so that it is still within the safe limits of industrial
equipment. An industry can run safely, comfortably, and smoothly if the industry can instill a good security
system to prevent work accidents or other unwanted things, where it has the potential to injure or even kill
a person.

Instrumentation is a tool to provide a danger sign or sign of disturbance in - Input Device can be a
the event of trouble or abnormal conditions caused by the malfunction of Transmitter, Limit Switch, Level
equipment in a process and serves to trip a process if the disturbance is not Switch or other sensors
resolved within a certain time. The instrumentation system for safety is a - Safety Controller Device can be
combination of sensors, logic, and actuators that aim to keep the PLC or micro controller
process/system running in a safe operating condition. - Output Device can be Shutdown
based on how it works Instrument Safety Device is divided into 2, namely Valve (SDV), Blowdown Valve
1. Safety Instrumented System
(BDV) or Motor Operating Valve
. is an instrument safety device that works systematically. This
(MOV)
safety device is used as the first layer of security when the 2. Mechanical Safety Device (Physical
control device is unable to maintain a process so that it is in a Protection / Relief Device)
safe condition (for more details, see also: layer protection on is an instrument safety device that works
the instrument safety system) mechanically, for example Pressure Safety
Valve, Pressure Relief Valve. This mechanical
The safety instrumented system has 3 main components,
equipment works alone (without the help of a
controller). Usually used as a final protection
(layer relief device)
Finally, I will discuss the function of instrumentation as an analytical tool.

Instrumen As a Analizer Tool

Namely to analyze the quality of the content of a managed product.
Then it can also be used as an analytical tool to prevent pollution from
industrial waste products so as not to harm and damage the
environment.
Example device Analyzer : GAS CHROMATOGRAFY
is a chromatographic technique with the help of gas media. Gas chromatography is a
type of chromatography that is commonly used in chemical analysis for the separation
and analysis of compounds that can evaporate without undergoing decomposition.

gas chromatography function

1. Separation of compounds in a sample
2. Calculate the concentration of compounds in a sample
3. Testing the purity of a compound
4. Identify the compounds present in a sample
5. Prepare a pure compound from a sample
gas chromatography working principle
1. An illustration of a gas cylinder, or gas material used in the
chromatography process. The gas is the mobile phase. There are several
types of carrier gases, namely: helium, nitrogen and others. The gas cylinder
will be connected to a pipe or hose that connects it to the flow controller.
2. The flow controller is a component that is used to regulate the amount of
carrier gas output. In general, the flow controller illustration is like a water
faucet that can be opened or closed. The original form may be like a solenoid
valve that can be adjusted with a microcontroller.
3. The carrier gas or mobile phase will go to the column. A sample injector or
often called an auto sampler will issue a sample according to an algorithm
that has been programmed with a computer.
4. The oven column is a gas chromatography stationary phase. In this section
the temperature can be controlled, meaning that it can be increased or
decreased as needed. Well, the process of increasing and decreasing the
temperature in the oven column will make the sample material evaporate and
be carried away by the mobile phase (carrier gas).
5. When the volatile compounds in the sample evaporate, the detector will
capture them as data signals. The signal is then translated into easy-to-
understand data in the form of a diagram.
6. Chromatograph is the final result that comes out on a computer screen that
displays the data from the analysis of the sample.
 Conclusion Determination or regulation is very
necessary in a process variable so
In conclusion, I have briefly explained that
instrumentation or instrumentation systems that it can be equated with the five
in the industrial world are used to senses in the human brain. In
industry, almost all processes occur
in closed vessels (pipes, columns,
vessels, exchangers, etc.), so the
function of instrumentation as a
1 detection tool to determine operating
As a measuring tool,
namely to monitor
conditions is very necessary.so many
operating conditions, by percent from me, thank you very
measuring process
variables that affect the
2 much for paying attention to my
As a control tool, to
operation, such as control the operation so
3 presentation. I end this percentage
pressure, temperature, As a safety tool, to
that the process
amount of flow, and so prevent damage to
variables are always by
on. equipment and prevent
the desired price.
accidents to the
operator. Also as an
alarm system that 4
notifies the operator Analyzer tool, to
when the process analyze whether the
variable reaches a product has met the
critical value, either a desired conditions.
critical minimum or a
critical maximum.
THANK YOU