SISTEMA URINARIA

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Copyright © 2008 Pearson
Education, Inc., publishing
as Benjamin Cummings
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kortek
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 medul
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Copyright ©
2008 Pearson
Education, Inc.,
publishing as
Benjamin
Cummings
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Filtrasi

Filtrat glomeruli
• plasma darah,
• tidak ada protein, kecuali protein dengan BM
< 70.000 dalton

Dipengaruhi oleh :
- Tekanan hidrostatik
- Tekanan osmotik koloid plasma
- Komponen kimia plasma darah
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 Renal corpuscle

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule

• Glomerulus – tuft of capillaries
–Capillaries of glomerulus are
fenestrated
• Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
–Parietal layer – simple squamous
epithelium
–Visceral layer – consists of podocytes
 Proximal tubule

• Single layered cubic epitelium

– Brush border on apical part
– Abundand mitochondrias
• Resorption of NaCl and water (80-95%), Glucose,
as. Amino  transport aktif

Na K+ ATP ase

Air  transport pasif (difusi)

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PCT = tubulus proksimalis, DCT = tubuus distal

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 Intermedial tubule
Henle‘s loop
• Thin : Squamous cells, poorly organels
– Descendent part permeabile for water >
Dipengaruhi ADH
– Ascendent part impermeabile for water

• Juxtamedular nephrons have long HL

– countercurrent multiplier - hyperosmotic
medulla
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin
Cummings
 Distal tubule
• Single layered cubic epitelium
• Cells are lower than in proximal tubule
– No brush border
• Reabsorption of natrium, secretion of kalium
• macula densa - chemoreceptors (Cl-)

Dipengaruhi oleh :
1. Aldosteron (peningkatan reabsorbsi Na)
2. ADH
 Apparatus Juxtaglomerular
Berfungsi mengatur tekanan darah
– Sel Jukstaglomerular – secrete renin
merupakan modifikasi sel otot polos arteri aferen
– Macula densa :
• A portion of distal convoluted tubulus,
• Tall, closely packed epithelial cells
• Act as chemoreceptors (deteksi perubahan Na)
– Sel Mesangial
• Sel perisit > diferensiasi > endotel
• ada reseptor Angiotensin II
• Sedikitnya Na dalam lumen tubulus distal > sel
macula densa sintesis dan mengeluarkan
PGE2 > sel juktaglomeruler sintesis renin
• ada reseptor Angiotensin II > kontraksi sel
mesangial > menurunnnya aliran darah A.
aferent , > menurunkan filtrasi
Intrarenal excretory passages

• Collecting tubules (Tubulli colligentes)

– Single layered cubic epithelium
– Round nucleus, light cytoplasm
• Papilar ducts (Ductus pappilares)
– Single layered columnar epithelium
– Light cytoplasm
• Regulated water reabsorption (ADH)
Tubulus Koligen

Mempunyai reseptor untuk hormon ADH (disekresi
glandula pituitaria)

Air dalam tubuh berkurang  ADH disekresi  epitel

tubulus permeabel terhadap air

Urine hipertonis

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 Interstisium
• Connected with basal lamina of vessels and tubules
Sel-sel endotel kapiler peritubuler menghasilkan
eritropoetin
• Cortical vs. medullar
• Cells:
• Fibroblast-like cells/ Cells with lipid droplets, diduga menghasilkan
medullipin sebagai antihipertensi
• Macrophages,
• Pericytes
• Non-cellular elements
• Kolagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, interstitial fluid
 URETER
• Carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder
• Oblique entry into bladder prevents backflow of
urine
• Histology of ureter
– Mucosa – transitional epithelium & lamina propia
– Muscularis – two layers
• Inner longitudinal layer
• Outer circular layer
– Adventitia –connective tissue
 Microscopic Structure of the Ureter

Copyright ©
2008
Pearson
Education,
Inc.,
publishing
as
Benjamin
Cummings
 Urinary bladder
• Transitional epithelium , Mucosa folded
except of area trigonum vesicae
• 3-layered smooth muscle layer
– inner plexiform
– middle circular ( m. sphincter vesicae)
– outer longitudinal
• Part of bladder covered by serosa
(peritoneum)
 URETRA
• Epithelium of urethra
– Transitional epithelium
• At the proximal end (near the bladder)
– Stratified and pseudostratified columnar – mid urethra (in
males)
– Stratified squamous epithelium
• At the distal end (near the urethral opening)
• Internal urethral sphincter
– Involuntary smooth muscle
• External urethral sphincter
– Voluntarily inhibits urination
– Relaxes when one urinates
• In females 
– Length of 3–4 cm
• In males – 20 cm in length – three named
regions
– Prostatic urethra
• Passes through the prostate gland
– Membranous urethra
• Through the urogenital diaphragm
– Spongy (penile) urethra
• Passes through the length of the penis
• Apa perbedaan struktur tubulus proksimalis
dan distalis? Mengapa demikian?
• Sel apakah yang menghasilkan hormon renin?
• Ansa henle yang mana yang dipengaruhi oleh
ADH? Apa pengaruhnya?
• Epitel permukaan kandung kemiah adalah ……
Apa kekhususan lapisan epitel ini?
• Plasma darah di filtrasi menuju lumen kapsul
bowman melewati apa saja?