11

ANALISA KEGAGALAN DAN

Modul ke:

KOROSI

Fakultas
Fakultas Corrosion Testing in
Teknik General
Program Studi
Magister Teknik  
Mesin Dra I Gusti Ayu Arwati, MT.,PhD

Pembuka Daftar Pustaka Akhiri Presentasi

Typical main objectives of corrosion testing are:

1. Evaluation and selection of material or protection method for a

specific environment and a certain application. Testing for this
objective is initiated by the user, often by engagement of consultants,
testing laboratories or research institutions.

2. General information about the behaviour of certain materials

and groups ofmaterials in the main types of environment. Testing
is often done by the material producer or vendor, and the results
aid the selection of materials to be tested for a certain application

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3. Routine control of materials including coatings, e.g. for
acceptance or reclamation of deliveries. Test methods and conditions
may be given in specifications of the actual delivery. Various
standardized tests are used, such as the salt spray test .

4. Investigation of corrosion mechanisms and fundamental effects of

various conditions, development of test methods, e.g. reliable model
experiments for the prediction of lifetime (see next section), and other
studies in research laboratories. This includes also contributions to the
development of materials and coatings with special corrosion properties.

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Test Methods
To cover the objectives stated in the previous section, numerous test
methods are available. The methods can be arranged in the following
groups:
1. Laboratory testing, comprising accelerated testing, model testing, and
special tailor-made investigations in research.

2. Service (plant) and field testing, including exposure of coupons, test

specimens or components in process environments of industrial plants as
well as in special natural fields (in seawater, atmospheres, soils etc.)
3.Testing in a pilot plant, which is a true model (up to half scale) of the
actual industrial plant.

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Testing Procedure
A typical testing procedure includes most of the following items.

1.Selection and pre-treatment of materials and test specimens.

2. Surface preparation.
3. Measurement of surface area and possibly thickness.

The accuracy of thickness measurement must correspond to the expected reduction of thickness during
the test

4. Degreasing, e.g. by acetone.

5. Weighing.

The accuracy of the weight must correspond to the expected weight loss during the test.

6. Masking.

7. Exposure.

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8. Inspection of the specimens after exposure, including a preliminary
visual inspection (with the naked eye or a microscope),

9. Determination of corrosion rate, on the basis of weight loss or

thickness reduction measurements, or electrochemical measurements
during the exposure.

Numerous test methods have been standardized. Examples of extensive

collections are the NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)
standards and the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
standards.

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Electrochemical Testing
A simple form of electrochemical testing is to measure the corrosion
potential, applying a reference electrode and a voltmeter with high
internal resistance. In other respects, modern electrochemical testing
most often makes use of a potentiostat. Polarization curves can be
recorded with the aim to investigate passivation properties of
materials, to clarify environmental effects, and to determine corrosion
rates in galvanic and crevice corrosion, critical potential for pitting
corrosion, as well as potential ranges where the material is liable to
stress corrosion cracking

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In Figure 1 four different cases are shown, in which the corrosion
rate is determined by extrapolating linear parts of both or one of
the polarization curves.

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Terima Kasih
Dra. I Gusti Ayu Arwati, MT., Ph.D.

Terima Kasih