Untuk Mahasiswa S1 Farmasi

dr.Nuraiza Meutia,M.Biomed
Dept. Fisiologi FK USU
Terdiri dari dua divisi, yaitu sympathetic and
parasympathetic
 Simpatis mengatur fungsi-fungsi untuk

menghadapi situasi eksrim

 Parasimpatis mempertahankan aktivitas

tenang dan penyimpanan energi

 Kedua divisi saling menjaga keseimbangan

tubuh.
 sympathetic>>

parasympathetic
 Sedikit menggunakan energi
 Melangsungkan aktivitas 3D :
dugesti, defekasi dan diuresis

Efek :
 HR menurun
 TD menurun
 Pupil konstriksi
 Urinari bertambah
 Keringat berkurang
 Bronkus konstriksi
 Salivasi bertambah
 Mempersiapkan tubuh menghadapi
tantangan ‘fight or flight”
 Terkait aktivitas 4E: exercise, excitement,
emergency, and embarrassment
Efek :
 HR meningkat
 TD meningkat
 Pupil dilatasi
 Urinari berkurang
 Keringat bertambah
 Bronkus dilatasi
 Salivasi berkurang
HOW IT HAPPENS ?
 HIPOTALAMUS
 PITUITARY
 PONS
 MEDULLA
 Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Figs. 9-7
11-2

pituitary

deincephalon
Figure 14.9
I.Olfaktori
II.Optik
III.Okulomotorik
IV.Troklear
V.Trigeminal
VI.Abdusen
VII.Fasial
VIII.Auditori
IX.Glossofaringeal
X.Vagus
XI.Spinal assesory
XII. Hipoglosal
Figure 14.3
Figure 14.2
 Cholinergic Receptor
◦ Nicotinic n/Nicotinic m
◦ Muscarinic

 Adrenergic
◦ Alpha 1 and alpha 2
◦ Beta 1 and beta 2
◦ Dopamine
 activated by
acetyl choline endogenously and nicotine
exogenously

 blocked by
curare and hexamethonium, α-bungarotoxin
(muscle only), tetraethylammonium (tea)-
ganglion only.
 activated by
acetyl choline endogenously and muscarine
exogenously

 blocked by
atropine & scopolamine
 Atropine – blocks parasympathetic effects
 Neostigmine – inhibits acetylcholinesterase

and is used to treat myasthenia gravis

 Tricyclic antidepressants – prolong the

activity of NE on postsynaptic membranes

 Over-the-counter drugs for colds, allergies,
and nasal congestion – stimulate -
adrenergic receptors

 Beta-blockers – attach mainly to 1 receptors

and reduce heart rate and prevent
arrhythmias
Table 14.4.1
Table 14.4.2
Figure 14.7