Management Techniques

Dr. Saurabh Kumar

Professor & HOD
Department of Community
Medicine
 Outline

• Management
• Difference between administration and
management
• Classification of Management
techniques
• Management techniques by Behavioural
sciences
 Management

• Henry Fayol:
– “To forecast, and to plan to organize,
to command, to coordinate and to
control.’’
– Also defined as purposeful utilization
of resources in order to achieve
predetermined goals and objectives
 Administration

• JN Schultz
– It is a force which lays down objectives for
which the organization and management
are to strive and the broad policies under
which they are to operate.
• Oliver Sheldon says
– Administration determines the organization
and management uses it.
 Administration Vs Management
Administration Management

• Process of developing • Process of planning work

objectives as per principles laid
down
• Lays policies and • Executes policies and
principles programmes
• Prepares framework • Supervises and control
execution
• Provides direction, • Provides coordination
guidance, leadership
• Comes first • Comes after
administration
 Management methods based
on Behavioural sciences
• Organizational Design
• Personnel Management
• Communication
• Information systems
• Management by objectives
 Organizational design

• Organization of health services to meet

the health needs and demands of the
people
• Should be reviewed regularly
• Effective organization proportional to
effective delivery of health services
 Personnel management

• Selection, training and motivation

• Division of responsibility and roles
• Incentives for better work
• Opportunities for promotion and
professional advancement
 Communication

• Better communication contributes to

effective functioning of an organization
• Barriers to communication
• Vertical and horizontal communication
channels
• Johari window
 Information Systems

• Functions of an Information system

– Collection
– Classification
– Transmission
– Storage
– Retrieval
– Transformation and Display of
Information
 Management by objectives

• Goals and objectives are defined for

different units of an organization
• Performance of the units is assessed on
the basis of objectives
 Steps involved in MBO are

• Goals are set

• Different units in the organization
identified
• Objectives of the units are set
• Units to formulate a plan of action
• Periodic feedback system is established
• Appraisal of the performance is done at
the end of the programme
 Prerequisites of MBO are

• Clarity of goals and objectives

• Quantification of targets
• Acceptance of the goals, objectives and
targets by the planner and the
implementors
• Mutually agreed plan
• Well established and operating
feedback system
 Drawbacks of MBO are

• Priority to achievements of targets

• Unrealistic, unattainable targets
demoralise the implementors
• Makes organization rigid
• Indicators for assessing the
performance are usually quantitative
Thank you