Reference List

MODULE NO. 6
In research reference list is the last part of the
study, however, the researchers should be aware
as early as chapter 1 on how to write a reference
for properly honouring or properly cite the
authors where the researchers get his/her ideas.
The usual challenge that the researchers might
encounter is something what we called
“plagiarism.”
 Plagiarism
Plagiarism is an act of owning a
certain ideas, words and other
intellectual property as if it is his/her
original idea instead of citing the
source of the idea.
Types of Plagiarism
 Complete Plagiarism
it is the most severe form of
plagiarism wherein a researchers
copied everything from the
manuscript or study that someone
else created.
 Source-Based Plagiarism
this may occur because of the different types
of sources. In short, if the researcher cited
incorrect citation, fabricated data, invalid
source or the source does not exist therefore it
is concluded as source-based plagiarism.
Direct or Verbatim Plagiarism
this occur when the researchers
copied word per word from the other
author and self-proclaimed that the
ideas originally from him/her.
 Self or Auto Plagiarism
this is usually arise on those published
research. This happens when the author
recycled some of the body of his/her
previous published work and inserted on
his new paper.
 Paraphrasing Plagiarism
This is the most common type of plagiarism.
It involves the use of someone’s writing with
some “minor” changes in the sentences and
using it as one’s own. Even it has a different
terminologies yet the same idea can be
considered as plagiarism.
Mosaic or Patchwork Plagiarism
Itcould be more difficult to
detect because it interlays
someone’s phrases within its
own research intentionally.
How to Write
Reference
The said reference writing is based on
the APA Format, American
Psychological Association. Reference
list could be sort into four (4)
categories namely; books, Journals and
Articles, Theses and Dissertations, and
Online Sources.
 A. Books
Start with the last name of the author (,)
First Name Initial (.) Middle Name
Initial (.) Title of the Book (Italicized)
(edition) (.) City of Publication (:)
Publisher’s Name (.)
 Note
Beware of the Capitalization.
 The First word of the title is the only
capital letter for the title.
 Please refer also on the given sample
alignment below.
 Example: Books
Mendoza, E.C. & Bolotaolo, R.A.
(2016). Manual for thesis and
dissertation writing (2 ed.).
nd

Quezon City: Mindboost., INC.

Check module 6 for paragraph/alignment format
 B. Journals & Articles
Start with the last name of the author (,)
First Name Initial (.) Middle Name
Initial (.) Title of the Article/Journal (.)
Volume number (italicized), Page
number (.)
 Example: Journal
Agasen, A.C. & Gonzales, V.A.
(2020). Fusion cuisine
techniques in modern technology.
2, pp. 41-48.
 Magazine
Note: If Magazine, just
add the month when the
magazine issued.
 Example: Magazine
Agasen, A.C. & Gonzales, V.A.
(2020, January 24). Fusion
cuisine techniques in modern
technology. Philippine Star, 2,
pp. 41-48.
 News Articles
Note: If News Article, just
add the month and date when
the news paper issued.
 Example: News Article
Agasen, A.C. & Gonzales, V.A.
(2020, January 24). Fusion cuisine
techniques in modern technology.
Philippine Star, 2, pp. 41-48.
 C. Thesis & Dissertation
Note: If it is a doctorate or master’s
thesis, just add (Master’s Thesis or
Doctoral Dissertation) in parenthesis
after the research title.
 Example: Thesis
Agasen, A.C. (2017). Status of
Marketing Mix of a Private
Computer School: Basis for
Proposed Promotional Scheme.
(Master’s Thesis).
 D. Online Sources
Same with the other reference
format, the only difference is to add
the Retrieved from: link after the
title of the article.
 Example: Online Source
Moura, F.T. (2017). Don’t Worry! And
Write the Limitations of your Research!.
Retrieved from:
https://liveinnovation.org/why-
addressing-the-limitations-of-your-
research-is-so-important/