Parts of formal texts

Lecture 6
 What are the parts of formal texts?

• Short essays (including exam answers) generally have this pattern:

- Introduction
- Main body
- Conclusion
Longer essays may include:
• Abstract- 6, 7 sentences
• 1st sentence tell the topic, 2nd sentence-tell the purpose of the study
• 3rd methodology, 4th &5th findings.

• Introduction
• Literature review
• Case study
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendices
 The planning process
The process of planning should include these three steps:

(a) Analyse the title wording and decide what is required.

(b) Brainstorm the topic to focus your ideas.
(c) Prepare an outline using your preferred method.
 Analysing essay titles
• Titles contain key words that tell the student what to do. Note that
titles often have two (or more) parts e.g. Title & Subtitle:
‘What is meant by a demand curve (Defination)
and why would we expect it to slope downwards?’
• In this case ‘what’ is asking for a description and ‘why’ for a reason or
explanation.
Please do activity on page 37
 Analysing Essay Titles
• Please analyse the following topic;

Write an essay comparing traditional learning versus distance

learning/Virtual Learning