Data Management

Data Design & Usage

IIPM
 Database Management Systems
2

“A database management system is a collection of

programs that manages the database structure and
controls access to the data stored in the database.”

Data comes in bulk or in pile, think about managing it

manually in traditional file system. Think about
checking and searching of any record at any time….
Seems difficult. So we need DBMS to manage all this
data and information.
 Why DBMS
3

 Improved Data Sharing

 Better Data Integration
 Minimized Data Inconsistency
 Improved Data Access
 Improved Decision Making
 Increased End user Productivity
 Characteristics of stable DBMS
4

 Data Integrity
 Data Independence
 Prevention of Data Redundancy & Inconsistency
 Data Sharing and Security
 Types of Databases
5

 Operational Database
 Analytical Database
 Hypermedia Database
 Data Warehousing
 Distributed Databases
 Benefits of DBMS
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 Reduces data redundancy and improves productivity

 Data is integrated and can be used my multiple people
and programs
 Simple queries can be used to review information
 Reduces the cost
 Data is reliable and secure
 Enhances accessibility, scalability and responsiveness
 Enhances better data sharing and avoid duplication.
 Limitations of DBMS
7

 They are expensive, huge in size, and complex

 The process of data resource management is a
complex and expensive
 DBMS requires constant upgradation of hardware
and software component
 Centralized database have to be maintained, this
leads to an increase in the possibility of errors and
failures
 Relations in Data
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1: M (one to many)
1:1 (one to one)
M:M (many to many)
 Database Languages
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 SQL (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)

 DDL (data definition language): includes commands
for creation of database objects, tables, views, index,
etc.
 DML (data manipulation language): includes
commands to insert, update, delete, retrieve data in the
database tables
 Relations between Data
10

 And
 OR
 Not
 Between
 Is Null
 Like
 In
 Exists
 Data Warehouse
11

 “An integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant,

nonvolatile collection of data that provides support
for decision making” - Bill Inmon

 Integrated: data warehouse is centralized, consolidated

database that integrates data derived fro the entire
organization
 Subject-Oriented: data are arranged and optimized to
provide answers to questions coming from diverse
functional areas within a company
 Data Warehouse
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 Time-Variant: Data focus on current transactions,

warehouse data represent the flow of data through
time.
 Nonvolatile: Once data is entered into database it is
never removed.
 Rules to define Data Warehouse
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 The data warehouse and operational environment

are separated
 The data warehouse data are integrated
 Data warehouse contains historical data over a long
time horizon
 Data warehouse data are snapshot data captured at a
given point in time
 Data warehouse data are subject oriented
 No online updates are allowed
 Rules to define Data Warehouse
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 It is a data driven process

 It has several levels of details
 They are read only data
 Data warehouse traces data from business sources
 Data warehouse metadata is a critical component of
it. It is required to identify schema (relations)
between data
 It contains chargeback mechanism for resource
usage.