DRILLING ENGINEERING

DRILLING RIGS
RIG
COMPONENTS

Fig. 11 Rig components

 RIG
•COMPONENTS
Mast (derrick) & substructure
• Power & prime movers
• Hoisting equipment
• Rotating equipment
• Circulating equipment
• Blowout preventer
• Tubular and pipe handling equipment
MAST (DERRICK) &
SUBSTRUCTURE
Derrick
• A large load bearing
structure which is able to
withstand the string’s weight
• Rigs can be classified on the
derrick’s building method
• A portable derrick that can
be raised in 1 piece
• The mast can be divided into
two
or more section

Fig. 12 Derrick
MAST (DERRICK) &
SUBSTRUCTURE
Substructure
• The base for the mast and for the
drawwork (the drawwork is
placed rarely on the ground or in
case of self-propelled rig at the
truck)
• Drill floor is located at the top
of the substructure
• Different types are available: box-
in-box, box-on-box, telescopic
• Gives place for the BOP system

Fig. 12 Substructure
MAST (DERRICK) &
SUBSTRUCTURE
Most important features of the mast or derrick
• Capacity (well depth)
• Height (number of DPs in a stand)
• Set back capacity (number of stands & BHA)
Most important features of the substructure
• Type
• Variable heigh
• Box on box
• Parallelogram
• Capacity
• Rotary table capacity (tons)
• Set back capacity (tons)
POWER & PRIME
MOVERS
Common prime mover: internal combustion engine
• If the source of power is one or more internal-combustion engine
and the power is distributed to rig components through devices such
as chains, sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical
Rig.

Fig. 13 Power system

POWER & PRIME
MOVERS
• A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the
combination of engines, generator set, control system and
electric motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig
• A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-
combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig
components through hydraulic energy is called Diesel-hydraulic
rig

Fig. 14 Power distribution

HOISTING
EQUIPMENT

• Allow to rise and lower the pipe

• Control the weight applied on the bit
• Support the driling string

Fig. 15 Hoisting system

HOISTING
EQUIPMENT
Drawworks
• The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig
• It is a winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus
raises or lowers the drillstring.

Fig. 15 Drawwork
HOISTING
EQUIPMENT
Crown block
• An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of
the derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved

Fig. 16 Crown block

HOISTING
EQUIPMENT
Travelling block
• An assembly of sheaves or pulleys through which the drilling line
is reeved and which moves up and down in the Derrick or Mast

Fig. 17 Travelling block

HOISTING
EQUIPMENT
Deadline anchor
• An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope
• It is usually bolted on to the substructure and holds the main
load sensor

Fig. 18 Deadline anchor

HOISTING
EQUIPMENT
Supply reel and drilling line
• A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling
Line
• The drilling line should be regularly slipped and cut
• The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools

Fig. 19 Reel and cable

ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Swivel
• The rotary tool that is hung from
the hook of the traveling block to
suspend the drillstring and permit it
to rotate freely
• It also provide connection for the
rotary hose and provide
passageway for the flow of drilling
fluid into the drillstem

Fig. 20 Swivel
ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Kelly
• The heavy steel equipment, usually
four or six-sided that is suspended
from the Swivel through the Rotary
Table and connected to the topmost
joint of drillpipe
• It transmits rotary motion to the
drillstring from the rotary table

Fig. 21 Kelly
ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Kelly bushing
• Transmit torque to the kelly and simultaneously permits vertical
movement of the Kelly to make hole
• Used only for Kelly!
ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Master bushing
• A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and
drive the Kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table
can be transmitted to the Kelly
ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Rotary table
• Equipment used to rotate the drilling
string
• Master bushing tifs into the rotary table
• Holds the string when making conections
ROTATING
EQUIPMENT
Top drive
• A hydraulically or electrically powered generate torque and transmit to
the string
CIRCULATING
EQUIPMENT
TUBULAR AND PIPE
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Mud pump
• A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the mud on
a drilling rig
• A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a three cylinder,
single acting piston pump. Cylinder travels in a replaceable liner.
TUBULAR AND PIPE
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Stand pipe
• The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which
joins mud pump manifold to the rotary hose
TUBULAR AND PIPE
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Flow line and shale shakers
TUBULAR AND PIPE
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Desander and desilter
TUBULAR AND PIPE
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
Degaser and mud pit
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
Why Blowout Preventer are used?
Kick : An influx of formation fluid into the wellbore

Blowout : An uncontrolled flow of well fluids and/or formation fluid

from the wellbore or into lower pressured sub-surface zones
(underground blowout)

Blowout Preventer : An assembly of valves attached to the casing head

that allows the well to be sealed to confine the well fluids in the
wellbore.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
• There are two types:
• Annular BOP
• Ram BOP
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
• Ram preventer:
designed to seal the annulus by forcing two front packing elements
which make contact with each other and seal around the object in the
well bore.
• Pipe Ram : It seals around the well bore and the fixed size
of pipe.
• Blind Ram : It seals around the well if no pipe in the well
bore.
• Variable Bore Ram : It seals around several
pipe sizes depending on the range of variable bore ram.
• Shear Ram : It shear the pipe in the well and
seal the wellbore simultaneously.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
Selection of BOP determined by the following factors:
• Maximum anticipated surface pressure.

• Size of casing, casing hanger, bit and other drilling tools to be

lowered through the BOP stack.

• Space available between top of cellar pit and bottom of rotary

table.
• Matching flange connection according to the size
and pressure rating of wellhead flange.

• Service conditions.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
Specifications
• Standard Sizes of BOP:
71/16”, 9”, 11”, 135/8”, 16¾”, 18¾”, 21¼”, 26¾”, 28”, 291/2”, 30”
Size refers to - ID, Nominal Diameter, Through bore
• Rated Working Pressure (RWP):
2M, 3M, 5M, 10M, 15M, 20M
The maximum pressure that the equipment can withstand (contain)
and control.
• Shell Test or Manufacturer Test or Body Test:
• Only once in the factory
• 2M, 3M, 5M – 2 TIMES the RWP
• 10M and above – 1.5 TIMES the RWP
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
• Annular preventer: A large circular valve used to control
wellbore fluid.
• Rounded Elastomer with reinforced steel segments
• Deforms the rubber radially inwards and seals
• Can close around different shapes such as square and
hexagonal kelly, drill collars, tool joint etc including wire line.
• Can not close on stabiliser, bit and under reamer.
• Can close on open hole.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
BOP pressure test
• Low Pressure Test : 200 – 300 psi should be applied for a low pressure test and
the period is at least 5 minutes.
• High Pressure Test :
• High pressure test for RAMS and auxiliary equipment
High pressure test to rated working pressure of RAMS BOP and auxiliary equipment
OR rated working pressure of your wellhead. Select the lower number. For example,
you BOP is rated for 5000 psi and your wellhead is rated for 3000 psi. Your high
pressure test for the RAMS BOP and auxiliary equipment must be only 3000 psi.
Pressure duration at least 5 minutes.
• High pressure test for Annular Preventer
High pressure test should apply to 70% of rated working pressure or RAMS test
pressure. Select the lower number. For example, you test your ram at 3000 psi and the
annular working pressure is 5000 psi. You need to test your annular to 3000 psi (70%
of annular RWP is 3500 psi).Pressure duration at least 5 minutes.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
Why testing:
•To check the integrity of all the joints in BOP stack, BOP seals and
Valves.
•Clear water is considered as the best test fluid
•A stable low test pressure as well as stable high test pressure
should be maintained for at least 5 minutes
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
Testing equipment
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
CUP TESTER TEST PLUG
The cup of the tester Designed to seat in well
gives effective sealing in head and seal
the casing
Limited to 70-80% of the Can be tested up to RWP of
burst of upper part of casing Ram BOP

Yield strength of drill pipe Different makes of well

may limit the test pressures. head have different types of
rams test plugs
Can not be used to Blind/ Shear Blind Rams
test blind/ shear blind can be tested.
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
BLOWOUT
PREVENTER
BOP accumulator
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