PROCLAMATION OF

THE PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
 National Historical Institute (1997),
Documents of 1898 Declaration of
Philippine Independence, The Malolos
Constitution and the First Philippine
Republic, [Proclamation]
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DOCUMENT

▧ Written by Ambrosio R. Bautista, the War Counselor and

“Special Delegate-Designate” of the Philippine
revolutionary government which he read on June 12, 1898
during the proclamation of Philippine Independence.
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DOCUMENT

▧ The proclamation took place at the ancestral home of Emilio

Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite. Through this event, the Philippine Flag
sewn by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza
was presented while the San Francisco de Malabon Marching Band
played Marcha Filipina Magdalo composed by Julian Felipe which
later on became the Philippine National Anthem (Lupang Hinirang).
Thus, June 12, 1898, between four and five in the afternoon, Emilio Aguinaldo, in
the presence of a hug crowd, proclaimed the independence of the Philippine
National Flag, made in Hongkong by Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by
Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza, was officially hoisted and the
Philippine National March played in public.
 Understanding the historical information

▧ It talked about going back to how it begun in the voyage of Ferdinand

Magellan and his pact of
friendships with the natives as well as other voyagers who found their
ways in the islands of the Philippines.
▧ The document also enumerated the people who fought and lost their
lives for the country such as Jose Rizal and the mistreatment of the
three priests, Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora.
▧ It was also written in the document that the power of leadership was
placed on the hands of Emilio Aguinaldo.
 The flag of Philippines was also discussed in this
document.

▧ White Triangle- signifies the distinctive emblem of the famous

Society of the "Katipunan" which by means of its blood compact
inspired the masses to rise in revolution
▧ Three Stars- signify the three principal Islands of these
Archipelago –
○ Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay where the revolutionary
movement started
▧ Sun- representing the gigantic step made by the son of the country
along the path of Progress and Civilization
▧ Eight Rays of the Sun- signify the eight provinces - Manila,
Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna,
▧ and Batangas
▧ Colors Blue, Red, and White-

▧ Lastly, the declaration is a promise between all of the

Filipino men present in the gathering to honor and protect
the country until their last breath.
 What are the factors that could
have
influenced the author in writing
of the document?
  The Declaration of Independence was a necessary
move to encourage the people to fight the foreign
invaders and to lead the foreign countries to
recognize the independence of the Philippines.

 The Declaration was also a way of officially introducing the

Philippine Flag and the different symbolisms.
 What is the relevance of the
document in Philippine history?
 It entails the sacrifices that the Filipinos who died for the country as well as those
who experienced abuse and cruelty from the hands of the Spaniards. Those
sacrifices will be remembered and honored.

 The flag of the Philippines was also officially introduced during the declaration
which until now is being used as the Philippine Flag.

 The Philippine National Anthem was also first publicly played during the
proclamation of Philippine independence.

 The document was able to bring us closer to our history as it talks about a
significant moment in the past which is still remembered and honored until now as
every 12th of June Independence Day is
celebrated.
Features:

▧  1. Characterization of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period

▧ 2. Justification behind the revolution against Spain
▧ 3. Brief historical view of the Spanish occupation
▧  4. Establishment of the republic under the dictatorship of Emilio Aguinaldo 
▧ 5. Exclusion of Andres Bonifacio's contribution as the founder of Katipunan
▧ 6. Explanation of the Philippine flag's appearance 
▧ 7. Mentioning of Emilio Aguinaldo as God's selected instrument that will lead his country
to its redemption
▧ 8. Revelation of some overlooked historical truths
 Alfred McCoy’s Philippine
Cartoons: Political Caricature
of the American Era
▧ Dr Alfred W. McCoy is
professor of SE Asian
History at the U. of
Wisconsin at Madison where
he also serves as director of
the Center for SE Asian
Studies, a federally-funded
National Resource Center.
He's spent the past quarter-
century writing about the
politics & history of the
opium trade. 
Roces, Alfredo R.
▧ Filipino contributor of
Philippine Cartoons:
Political Caricature of the
American Era
▧ Multi awarded Filipino
artist
Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy's Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the
American Era (1900-1941) Alfred McCoy's Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature
of the American Era Overview: Philippine political cartoons gained full expression
during the American era. Filipino artists recorded national attitudes toward the
coming of the Americans as well as the changing mores and times.

In the book of Alfred McCoy, 377 cartoons were compiled in the book, including the
extensive research of McCoy in the Philippine and American archives providing a
comprehensive background not only to the cartoons but to the turbulent period as
well.
 Artist writer Alfredo Roces, who designed the book cover,
contributed an essay on the Philippine graphic satire on
the period. Features:
1. Demonstration of different strands of changes and shifts in
the culture, society and politics of the Philippines transition
from the Spanish colonial period to the American
occupation
2. Illustration of certain media outfits about the Philippine
society from the Spanish Colonial period to the American
Occupation period
3. Description of the unchanging conditions of poor Filipinos
Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era, 1900-41
A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricatures in Alfred McCoy’s
Philippine Cartoons (American Era: 1900-1941)