Translation studies: An overall fr

amework
Holmes 1988/2000
 Translation studies: An overall framework
• Overall framework ( Holmes 1988/2000)
• Holmes (2000) intended to build up a framework for
Translation Studies, in order to achieve two objective
s （目标） :
• (1) to describe the phenomena of translating and trans
lation(s) as they manifest themselves in the world of
our experience, （描述翻译过程与翻译产品的现象）
and
• (2) to establish general principles by means of which
these phenomena can be explained and predicated.
（建立翻译准则，解释并预测翻译现象）
Translation Studies: Holmes' framework

• Holmes's 'map' of translation studies (from Toury 1995:10)

The Applied branch of translation studies supplied by Mu
nday (2001)
翻译课程教学体系总体框架
 Concluding remarks
• Translation description supplies the basic data upon which tran
slation theory is to be built; and the two of them provide the sc
holarly findings which are to be put to use in applied translatio
n studies.
• In realty, of course, the relation is a dialectical case, with each
of the three brunches supplying materials for the other two, an
d making use of the findings with which they in turn provide it
.
• Translation theory, for instance, cannot do without the solid, s
pecific data yielded by research in descriptive and applied tran
slation studies, while on the other hand one cannot even begin
to work in one of the other two fields without having at least a
n intuitive theoretical hypothesis as one’s starting point.
 结论
• 描述性翻译提供了基础性的数据，也为翻译理论
提供了平台。描述性翻译和翻译理论所产生的研
究成果被应用到实用翻译中去 . 实际上， 三者
的关系是辩证的：三者中任何一部分都为其它两
者提供了资料，同时 , 反过来也使用其它两者提
供的发现成果。比如，翻译理论离不开描述性翻
译和应用性翻译所产生的具体且坚实的数据；另
一方面，没有了理论假设，我们也无法着力于描
述翻译或应用翻译方面工作。
 Text Type(1)
• 翻译文本功能范畴 (Reiss 1977/89:113-114)
• 基于功能语言学，根据翻译交际语境和话语目的， Reiss 将翻
译文本功能范畴化，分成四类文本：
• （ 1 ）表达类 (expressive) ：以文本作者和语言形式为中心，表
述具有创造力，注重语言美感。
• （ 2 ）说服类 (operative ) ：引发行为呼应，劝说文本接受者身
体力行，注重感染和效果。
• （ 3 ）信息类 (informative) ：陈述事实，传递信息与知识，内容和
主题是交际核心，文体简洁，前后连贯。
• （ 4 ）视频媒体类 (audio medial) ：电影及视频。
 Text type (2)
• Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach
• Snell-Horby, Mary (1988, revised 1995) , Ame
sterdam and Philadelpha, PA: John Benjamins
• 文本题材.doc
 Questions
（ 1 ） What is the overall framework for
translation studies ?
（ 2 ） What are the categories for text type in
translation studies?