Theoretical Pattern Generation:

•  Multinomial Expansion is used to find out the intensities for a specific

number of atoms and is described below:

Eq(1)

where
Example:
•• Consider
  a hypothetical molecule with 100 Carbon atoms only, to generate its
theoretical pattern:
Using: ,

As carbon has two stable isotopes: and

 Every instance represents one
combination of isotopes.
• 
molecular mass =

molecular mass

molecular mass

molecular mass
Stirling’s Approximation:
•  For large molecules, the result of the factorial becomes very taxing, it is
optimized by a log operator and Stirling’s approximation. Taking log of
equation 1:

• Anti-log of the above calculation gives us the required theoretical intensity for that
particular instance.