2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

Software for
Wearable Devices :
Challenges and
Opportunities
WEONJI CHOI (LUCIA)
WEC69@pitt.edu
Contents
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Main paper
Jiang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Kong, W., & Zhang, T.
(2015). Software for wearable devices: Challenges and
opportunities. Proceedings - International Computer Software and
Applications Conference, 3, 592–597.
http://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.269

 Sub paper
Muccini, H., Di Francesco, A., & Esposito, P. (2012). Software
Testing of Mobile Applications: Challenges and Future
Research Directions. AST 2012, Proceedings of the 2012
International Workshop on Automation of Software Test, 29–35.
http://doi.org/10.1109/IWAST.2012.6228987
2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 The Definition of Wearable devices

A wearable device is a computer

that is subsumed into the personal space of a user,
controlled by the user,
and has both operational and interactional constancy,
i.e., is always on and always accessible.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 The Development of Wearable Devices

2007 Fitbit Company was founded
2013 Google launched Google glass
1975 First wrist Apple, Samsung, Sony and other
calculator was companies…
invented
1966 First
wearable device Great improvement of
was invented wearable devices…

1960 1970 1980 … 21C

 The Classification Standards for Wearable Devices

 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Characteristics that a wearable device should have

1) be used while the wearer is in motion

2) be used while one or both hands are free or occupied with

tasks

3) exist within the corporeal envelope of the user, i.e., it should

be not merely attached to the body but becomes and integral
part of the person’s clothing

4) must allow the user to maintain control

5) must exhibit constancy, in the sense that it should be

constantly available.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Some primary issues…

Operating
System
Data
Transmission
Energy
Consumption

Confidentialit
Database y
Management

Application
…
Development
Platform
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Development history Operating

System
- Early 2000, WatchPad with Linux by IBM
- 2013, first smart watch using Android, Samsung
second generation of smart watch Tizen, Samsung
- 2014, smart watch dedicated Android Wear, Google
 Current Problem
- Variety of operating systems
- Not convenient for users to use
- Difficult to choose which operating system for developers,
- The application for one operating system is not suitable for
another.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Objectives for wearable operating systems Operating

1) Convenience : for users to use System

2) Effectiveness : be managed more effectively

and take advantage of resources like hardware,
software and data of wearable devices
3) Scalability : permit new system functions to be developed,
tested and included
4) Openness : support integrated and collaborative network
work of different manufacturers and devices so that it can
achieve the portability and interoperability of applications
5) Multi-tasking : run multiple applications concurrently
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

Database  DBMS of wearable device can… store user’s

Manageme
nt basic information including gender, age, height,
System weight, health status, consumption habits,
personal temper, and preference information to
color and food, etc… for further useful function
 Now, wearable devices are using relatively
simple and focus primarily on wireless functions Network
 In near future, wearable devices will eventually Communic
ation
implement more and more functions
Protocol
(WAP, GRS, GPRS, large file or data transmission, etc.)
 Need to design special network communication protocols for wearable devices,
which is more energy-efficient, safe and with high throughput.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 One of the obstacles for the rapid development Application

of wearable devices : the lack of applications Developme nt
 In 2014, Google released the SDK including an Platform

emulator and other tools for Android Wear.

 At present, we can think that Tizen will contribute to the
development of wearable devices.
 Developers have options

Develop application
Develop mobile
software that
Develop native web applications,
supports particular
applications for so as to reduce the
operating systems
each platform native code for
for a single
platform. each platform
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Wearable devices collect real-time user

Privacy
And
information
Security (geographical location, living habits, heart rate,
body temperature, account password and
conversation,
 The communication etc.) devices is mainly based on
of wearable
wireless network. Thus, more private information may be
easily attacked or stolen.
 We can consider from the following aspects
1) Research on reliable network communication protocols
2) The system should have permission setting.
3) Reasonable software patterns should be proposed
to solve these problems.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

Wearable devices can only The large amount of energy Energy

use battery, rather than consumption for devices can Consump
stationary power. produce great heat. tion

Energy consumption management is an essential issue.

 The control of energy consumption at each application layer

1) Reduce hardware electricity consumption through
reasonable invoke of system APIs.
2) Create adaptive energy-sensitive applications to adjust
automatically energy usage.
3) Adopt load-balancing method to transfer complex calculation
to the mobile terminal via wireless communication network.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Ways for users to interact with wearable devices

Human-
Computer 1) Contextual Awareness
Interaction
2) Augmented Reality : apply virtual information
to the real world
3) Non-keyboard input : non-keyboard ways such as voice,
handwriting, gestures, data glove etc.
Ways to strengthen the human-computer interaction tech
1) Apply existing mature human-computer interaction ways
(hand writing, voice and other non-keyboard input)
2) Strengthen the research of currently-immature human-
computer interaction ways(contextual awareness,
augmented reality, mediated reality, etc.)
3) Propose new human-computer interaction ways.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

Software
 Some aspects/issues that may be of Engineering
value and worth studying
1) Demand analysis : using user’s feedback
2) Code recommendation
3) Application transplantation : create API mapping among
different platforms and develop an ideal compiler
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

“ Big data and wearable device complement

each other and pursue a common development ”
Big Data

We can gain a lot of useful information generated by

wearable devices(basic personal information, health
status, the preference to food, cloth and color etc.) Big
data analysis technology will provide a great help for
scientific research, social development and users’ life.

Compared to mobile phones, wearable devices will produce

larger amount of data. So it needs big data technology to
deal with these collected data even more.
Wearable
Device
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

“ Big data and wearable device complement

each other and pursue a common development ”
Big Data

The analysis for heart rate and blood pressure can

understand user’s body status and potential risks.

Wearable devices need big data technology for processing

these data to provide useful information to users.

Wearable
Device
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Wearable devices dramatically change modern way of life

 The development of wearable devices is still in its immature

and limited stage

 Especially, application software development is still in the

initial stage.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 Main paper
Jiang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Kong, W., & Zhang, T.
(2015). Software for wearable devices: Challenges and
opportunities. Proceedings - International Computer Software and
Applications Conference, 3, 592–597.
http://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.269

 Sub paper
Muccini, H., Di Francesco, A., & Esposito, P. (2012). Software
Testing of Mobile Applications: Challenges and Future
Research Directions. AST 2012, Proceedings of the 2012
International Workshop on Automation of Software Test, 29–35.
http://doi.org/10.1109/IWAST.2012.6228987
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

 3 Research Questions (RQ)

1) Are mobile applications (so) different from traditional ones,

so to require different and specialized new testing techniques?

2) What are the new challenges and research directions on testing

mobile applications?

3) Which is the role automation may play in testing mobile

applications?
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

RQ1) Are mobile applications (so) different from traditional ones,

so to require different and specialized new testing techniques?
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

RQ1) Are mobile applications (so) different from traditional ones,

so to require different and specialized new testing techniques?
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

RQ2) What are the new challenges and research directions on

testing mobile applications?
RQ3) Which is the role automation may play in testing mobile
applications?

 Testing process : test selection and execution

(Challenge):unpredictability and high variability of the inputs
(Research Direction):new testing criteria are required to provide the
guidelines, rules, and strategies
 Testing artifacts : structural and Functional Testing
(Challenge):new program languages for managing mobility, sensing,
and energy consumption & testing requires to specify both the
application and the environment
(Research Direction):new coverage criteria, control and data flow
graphs, state-based approaches
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

RQ2) What are the new challenges and research directions on

testing mobile applications?
RQ3) Which is the role automation may play in testing mobile
applications?
 Testing levels : unit and integration
(Challenge):cooperating applications intra- and inter- application
information flow must be followed
(Research Direction):existing integration testing approaches have
the potentials to be adapted for mobile application
 Types of test to be run : different types OS testing strategies can be applied to mobile
applications
(Challenge):performance and reliability of mobile applications
strongly depends on many complex contexts.
(Research Direction):new techniques for performance and reliability
analysis have to explicitly consider characteristics related to
contexts and different devices.
 2017 Fall CS2310 Seminar

[1] Jiang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Kong, W., & Zhang, T. (2015). Software for wearable devices: Challenges
and opportunities. Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 3, 592–597.
http://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.269
[2] Muccini, H., Di Francesco, A., & Esposito, P. (2012). Software Testing of Mobile Applications: Challenges and
Future Research Directions. AST 2012, Proceedings of the 2012 International Workshop on Automation of Software Test,
29–35. http://doi.org/10.1109/IWAST.2012.6228987
[3] S. Mann. Humanistic Computing: WearComp as a New Framework and Application for Intelligent Signal. Proceedings of
The IEEE, 1998, 86(11): 2123- 2151
[4] Wearable Technology Market Suited for Rapid Growth. http://press.ihs.com/press-release/design-supply-chain/wearable-
technologymarket-suited-rapid-growth, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[5] Press Release: Mobile Smart Wearable Device Shipments to Approach 130 Million by 2018, Juniper Research finds.
http://www.juniperresearch.com/viewpressrelease.php?pr=414, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[6] Wearables market to take off, hit 112M devices in 2018. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2488133/emerging-
technology/wearables-market-to-take-off--hit-112m-devices-in-2018.html, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[7] G. Chen. Smart Wearable Change the World: The Next Business Tides. Benjing: Publishing House of Electronics
Industry, 2014.
[8] L. BASS. Conveners report of CHI ' 97 Workshop on Wearable Computers. Personal Communication to attendees.
http://www.bham.ac.uk/ManMechEng/ieg/w1.html, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[9] Palm OS. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_OS, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[10] D. Y. Chen. The Evolution and Trend of Wearable Computer (2). Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science
Edition), 2000, 23(4): 142-148.
[11] Bluetooth Smart. https://learn.adafruit.com/introduction-to-bluetoothlow-energy/, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
[12] Android Wear SDK available to download for developers from today, http://thenextweb.com/google/2014/06/25/android-
wear-sdk -available-download-developers-today/, Accessed on 18 October 2014.
Questions
- Thank you -