MYOLOGY IN

PROSTHODONTICS
S.PRIYANKA
CRI
MYOLOGY:

• Myology is the study of the

muscular system, including the
study of the structure, function and
diseases of muscle.

• Muscle generates force &

movements used in the regulation
of the human body environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLES:
• The muscular system develops from intra embryonic
mesoderm
• Muscle tissues develop from embryonic cells called
myoblast.
• Muscular component of Branchial arch form many
striated muscles in the head and neck region.
• Muscles of mastication are derived from first or
MANDIBULAR ARCH.
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES:

• Muscles of the body can be broadly classified as

• a) Skeletal muscle
• b) Smooth muscle
• c) Cardiac muscle
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

• Muscles of Mastication are the group of muscles that helps in movement of

the mandible are during chewing and speech.
• Influence of these muscles In prosthetic dentistry, defines the borders,
peripheral extension
• A good knowledge of masticatory system and functional efficiency is basic
requirements for good prosthodontist.
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
•Primary muscles of Mastication:
•Masseter
•Temporalis
•Lateral pterygoid
•Medial pterygoid
•Accessory muscles of Mastication- assist in Mastication.
•Suprahyoid muscles:. Infrahyoid muscles:
•digastric
•Mylohyoid Sternohyoid
•Geniohyoid
Thyrohyoid
•Infrahyoid
omohyoid
STYLOHYOID is another suprahyoid muscle which
does not take part in mastication
• Jaw elevators:
• Masseter
• Temporalis
• Medial pterygoid
• Jaw depresser:
• Lateral pterygoid
• Anterior digastric
• Geniohyoid
• Mylohyoid
MASSETER MUSCLE

•Quadrilaterals covers lateral surface of the ramus of the

Mandible.
•It has Three Layers
•Origin
•Superficial layer-anterior 2/3 Rd of the lower border of
the zygomatic arch
•Middle layer-posterior 1/3 Rd of the lower border of
the zygomatic arch
•Deep layer- deep surface of the zygomatic arch
•Insertion:
•Lower border of the ramus of the mandible.
MASSETER MUSCLE –BLOOD SUPPLY AND
NERVE SUPPLY
• Nerve supply:
• Masseteric nerve –anterior div. Of mandibular
nerve
• Blood supply:
• Masseteric artery branch Of maxillary artery
• Venous drainage:
• Masseteric vein
• Actions:
• Elevates the mandible to close the mouth
• Small effects on protrusion,side to side movements
SIGNIFICANCE IN PROSTHODONTICS
• When the Masseter is activated it pushes the Buccinator
medially against the denture border in the area of
retromolar pad
• This contour of the denture base is termed the
massetric groove.
• At the Masseter groove impression will be reflected
superiorly & medially forming a groove.
• If the distobuccal flange of denture base is not
contoured to allow freedom for this action, the Denture
will be displaced.
• buccal vestibule which houses buccal flange of the
denture is influenced by malar process, Buccinator,
Masseter muscles.
• Temporalis muscle

It is a fan shaped muscle that fills the temporal

fossa.
Origin:
The periphery of the fan is attached to the
inferior temporal line .
Insertion: Its fibers converge to form a tendon
that descends downward & pass through the
gap between the side of the skull and zygomatic
arch. They get insertedinto apex,medial surface,
anterior surface, posterior surface of the
coronoid process.
•BLOOD SUPPLY:
• Deep temporal part of maxillary artery
•Venous drainage:
•SuperfIcial temporal vein&middle temporal vein
• Nerve supply:
•It is supplied by deep temporal nerve which is a branch from anterior division of
mandibular nerve.
Actions:
•Elevates the mandible,this movement requires both
the upward pull of anterior fibers and backward pull
of the posterior fibers.
• Posterior fibers draw the mandible backwards after it
has been protuded.
• It is also a contrbutor to side to side grinding
movement.
Significance in prosthodontics :

• Side to side movements helps in recoding the activity of the

coronoid Process in a closed postion,whereas opening causes the
coronoid to sweep past the denture periphery

•
• As its most posterior fibers pass very close to the condyle the
posterior Temporalis functions as a stabilizer of TMJ.
LATERAL PTERYGOID:

• ORIGIN:
It is a short thick muscle with two parts or
head
• UPPER head arise from infratemporal surface
and infratemporal crest of greater wing of
sphenoid bone
• LOWER head arise from lateral surface of
lateral pterygoid plate
INSERTION:
neck of the mandible and into the articular
capsule and disc of the temporomandibular
articulation.
• NERVE SUPPLY:
• The lateral pterygoid is supplied by a branch of anterior division of the
mandibular nerve
• BLOOD SUPPLY :
• Pterygoid branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery
ACTIONS OF INFERIOR HEADS
• Both theside lower heading the pterygoids acting together to produce
protraction of the mandible.
• Inferior heads of both sides acting together depress the mandible
by pulling forward the condylar process of the mandible & articuticular
disk.
• It is also assisted by suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscles in performing
these functions.
• ACTIONS OF SUPERIOR HEADS:
• They are inactive during opening.
• Superior heads are particularly active when the teeth, encounter
resistance such as bolus of food.
• Closure on resistance is termed the power stroke & the superior lateral
Pterygoids play an active role in power stroke.
SIGNIFICANCE IN PROSTHODONTICS:

• During closure of the mouth the backward gliding of the articular

disc & condyle is controlled by slow elongation of lateral pterygoid
while Masseter& Temporalis restore the jaw to the occlusal position.
Thus it acts as a stabilizer of TMJ.
• It holds the condyles in centric relation position
 MEDIAL PTERYGOID:

•It is a thick quadrilateral muscle

ORIGIN:
• Attached to medial surface of lateral
pterygoid plate and grooved surface of
pyramidal process of the palatine bone
INSERTION:
• Attached by a strong tendinous lamina
,to the postero-inferior part of the
medial surfaces of the ramus .
• NERVE SUPPLY:
• Branch of the main trunk of the
mandibular nerve.
• BLOOD SUPPLY:
• Pterygoid branch of 2nd part of
maxillary artery
• ACTIONS:
• Assits in elevating the mandible
• Acting along with the lateral pterygoid
while protrusion
SIGNIFICANCE IN PROSTHODONTICS

• Medial pterygoid muscle is not usually involved in gnathic dysfunction,but

when they are hypertonic,The patient may feeling of fullness in the throat,and
occasionally pain on swallowing.
• Most commonly involved in MPDS
• TRISMUS followed by inferior alveolar nerve block due to Involvement of
medial pterygoid.
ROLE OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN VARIOUS PROSTHETIC PROCEDURES:

BORDER MOULDING: While checking for the tray extensions in

•

the mandible contraction of Buccinator & Masseter almost

completely obliterates the sulcus. So cut back the periphery of the
tray so that it is about 2mm short of the position occupied by buccal
sulcus in function.
• FREEWAY SPACE: When the mandible is at rest it is supported by
the elevator group of muscles fibers which are not fully relaxed but
are in a state of partial contraction or tonus which is sufficient to
balance the tonus of the depressor muscles & gravity
Neutral space:Neutral zone should be recorded clinically & teeth arrangement should
be done in the neutral
zone. This contributes to the stability of the denture.
ACCESSORY MUSCLES IN MASTICATION
Muscle Actions
Digastric Depresses the Mandible when hyoid is fixed ; elevates the
hyoid when the Mandible is fixed

Stylohyoid Elevates & retracts hyoid ;elongates the floor of the

mouth

Mylohyoid Elevates the floor of the mouth in initial stage of

swallowing

Geniohyoid Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; elevates

&protracts hyoid when mandible is fixed
Muscle Actions

Omohyoid Depresses the hyoid after it has been elevated

Sternohyoid Depresses the hyoidbone during swallowing and

speaking

Thyrohyoid Depresses hyoid ; elevates larynx when hyoid is

fixed
SIGINIFICANCE IN PROSTHODONTICS:

• Origin and insertion of hyoid group of muscles doesn’t have any specific role in prosthodontics
With respect to define borders of complete Denture
• However the actions of the hyoid group of muscles important,for they are part of kinetic chain
Of mandibular moment
Muscles of facial expressions
Muscle Actions

Occipito frontalis(frontal belly) Furrowing the brow

Occipito frontalis (occipital belly) Unfurrouwing brow

Corrugator supercilii Draws eye brows medially and downward and furrowing

Risouris Pulse the angle of the mouth laterally as in grinning.

Zygomaticus minor Elevates and curl ups the upper lip

Leavator anguli oris(caninus) Raises the angle of the mouth during sadness
Muscle Actions
Leaveator labii superiors Elevates upper lip

Depressor labii inferioris Draws lower lip downwards

Depressor anguli oris(triangularis) Draws the angle of the mouth downwards& laterally while
opening the mouth

Zygomaticus major Dress the angle of the mouth upward and laterally and
smiling

Orbicularis oris Shapeing of the lips during speech eg .pouting,pursing ,

twisting.

Buccinator Lateral movement of cheek eg.sucking, whistle, blowing

Flattens the cheek against gums the teeth during
mastication
Prevents accumulation of the food in vestibule
Mentalis Raises and protrudes lower lip and skin of the chin
SIGINIFICANCE OF MUSCLES OF FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS IN MAXILLARY DENTURE

• Labial flange -lies in the labial vestibule.mainly influenced by orbicularis oris

• buccal vestibule which houses buccal flange of the denture is influenced by malar
process, Buccinator, Masseter muscles.also related to leveator anguli oris, orbicularis
oris muscle.

• Distobuccal end of the flange is affected by masseater and coronoid process

• Hamular notch area influenced by action of buccinator and superior constrictor.

 SIGINIFICANCE OF MUSCLES OF FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS IN MANDIBULAR DENTURE

• Labial frenum helps to attach the orbicularis oris which also influences the flange
thickness
• Mentalis muscle makes vestibule shallow
• Distobuccal area influenced by masseater and buccinator
• Distal extension of the denture is upto retromolar pad whichs is lined by fibers of
tempolaris, attachment of buccinator, superior constrictor in pterygomandibular raphe
• When patient opens the mouth wide , pterygomandibular raphe pulls forward ,so
overextended denture might end in dislodgement
SIGINIFICANCE OF MUSCLES OF FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS IN PROSTHODONTICS:
• When the muscles of facial expressions are relaxed,the face lacks expressions,the
actions of the muscle often reflect the mood,and emotional status of an individual.
• The perioral muscles of facial expressions, generally do not into the bone ,they need
support from the teeth for proper function,if the muscle of facial expressions not
properly supported, either by natural teeth or artificial teeth set .
• Incorrectly positioned teeth or incorrectly contoured denture base can affect the
tonicity of the muscle and affect the facial expressions adversely.
• It is a potential denture space where the forces of the tongue musculature pressing
outward are neutralized by forces of the muscles of the cheeks and lips pressing inward.
MODIOLUS:

• It is a fibro muscular mass formed by the convergence of various

muscles towards a focus just lateral to the buccal angle.
• It can be palpated most effectively by using the opposed thumb &
index finger to compress
the mucosa & skin simultaneously.
• Buccinator,
• risorius,
• orbicularis oris,
• depressor anguli oris,
• depressor labii inferioris,
• zygomaticus major,
• platysma ,
levator anguli oris and mentalis
Action: .
The contraction of modiolus presses the corner of the mouth against the
premolars so that the occlusal table is closed in front. Food is crushed by the
premolars & molars and it does not escape at the corner of mouth unless
seventh nerve damage (Bell’s palsy) has occurred.
SIGINIFICANCE OF MODULES
PROSTHODONTICS:
BORDER MOULDING: The functional
movements are made during the border
moulding procedure by holding the modiolus
with thumb and index finger.
• It helps in establishing the height of
occlusal plane of orofacial maxillary occlusal
rim. Corners of the mouth are marked on the
occlusal rims to provide the dentist &
technician with anterior landmarks for the
height of first premolar
TONGUE MUSCLE:
Muscle Movement
Genioglossus Draws the tongue to one side ;depresses midline
of tongue .

Styloglossus Dress tongue upward and posteriorly

Hyoglossus Depresses the tongue

Palatoglossus Elevates root of the tongue;closes oralcavity

from pharnyx
TONGUE MUSCLE: EXTRINSIC MUSCLE
SIGINIFICANCE IN PROSTHODONTICS:
• Role of tongue in impression making in alveolingual sulcus:
• Anterior part: mainly influenced by the genioglossus muscle,lingual frenum,lesser
extent of sublingual gland.
• Middle part: when the middle part of the lingual flange is made to slope towards the
tongue,it can extend below the level of the mylohyoid .in this way,the tongue rest on
the top flange &aids in stabilizing the lower denture on the residual ridge.
• Posterior part:flange can turn laterally towards the ramus to fill the fossa and complete
the typical shaped lingual flange.
• ROLE OF THE SIZE :
• Small: facilitate impression making but jeopardize the lingual seal.
• Large: problem in impression making,Denture stability,tongue biting
MASTICATORY MUSCLE DISORDERS:
• Trismus
• Bruxism
• Tetanus
• Congenital hypo /hyperplasia
• Hypo/hyper mobility of muscle
• Muscle pain
• MPDS
Muscular pain can be mimic like pain from dental origin
• Myositis ossificans ,through knowledge regarding muscles helps in finding the
origin of the pain.
• Myesthenia gravis
• Temporalis tendonitis
CONCLUSION:

• The Masticatory muscle include a vital part the orofacial structure are
important for both functionally & structurally.
• The proper management and periodical self examination of the muscle may
provide a greater chance of catching the disease process at an early stage
which may useful for it’s prognosis.
THANK YOU